| اقتباس | Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen, 1966, Modes of reproduction in fishes.. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. |
| مرجع | 205 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen, 1966 |
| صفحة | 54; 624-625 |
| Named Used as Valid | Dasyatis americana |
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