| Main Ref. | Palomares, M.L.D. and D. Pauly, 1989 | ||||
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| Distribution |
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| Remarks | Common in clear insular areas or in coral reefs off mainland coasts (Ref. 5217). Juveniles frequent areas with algae (e.g. Sargassum) (Ref. 26235). Usually in schools which may be spawning groups; occasionally solitary. Is a bentho-pelagic predator--feeds predominatly in the pelagic zone, although it can actively catch prey from the bottom (Ref. 43978). Piscivore (Ref. 57616). Cleaned by goby (Gobiosoma evelynae and others), hogfish (Bodianus rufus), and wrasse (Thalassoma trifasciatum) as observed on the coral reefs in Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles (Ref. 36810). |
| Substrate | |
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| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Beds: algae/seaweed; Coral Reefs; |
| Special habitats Ref. | Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez, 1992 |
| Ref. | |
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| Associations | solitary; schooling; |
| Associated with | Also cleaned by Pomacanthus paru observed at the reefs of the Abrolhos Archipelago, off eastern Brazil (Ref. 40094). |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Feeding type ref | Randall, J.E., 1967 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Feeding habit ref | Randall, J.E., 1967 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trophic level(s) |
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