Main Ref. | Armitage, R.O., D.A. Payne, G.J. Lockley, H.M. Currie, R.L. Colban, B.G. Lamb and L.J. Paul (eds.), 1994 | ||||
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Distribution |
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Remarks | Found from estuaries to edge of continental shelves over sand and sandy shell seabed (Ref. 9258). Reported to be often found in rivers (Ref. 4316). Juveniles may occur in bays (Ref. 33616). Dorsal spine reported to be venomous (Ref. 9771). |
Substrate | Benthic; Soft Bottom |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; |
Special habitats Ref. | Gell, F.R. and M.W. Whittington, 2002 |
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Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Feeding type ref | Godfriaux, B.L., 1970 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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