| 主要參考文獻 | Teugels, G.G., 1986 | ||||
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| 分布 |
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| 附註 | Frequency of occurence in Caprivi: frequently in sandy streams, abundant in standing deep water, common in shallow swamps (Ref. 37065). Described in most papers as a bottom feeder, which occasionally feeds at the surface. Feeds mainly on fish as well as on plants and zooplankton (Ref. 248). |
| Substrate | |
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| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| 參考文獻 | |
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| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| 攝取食物的類型 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Feeding type ref | de Moor, I.J. and M.N. Bruton, 1988 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 攝取食物的習慣 | hunting macrofauna (predator) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Feeding habit ref | Winemiller, K.O. and L.C. Kelso-Winemiller, 1996 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 營養階層 (s) |
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