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Ecology of Encrasicholina punctifer
 
Main Ref. Jeyaseelan, M.J.P., 1998
Distribution
Marine - Neritic
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
 Marine - Oceanic
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
 Brackishwater
  • estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
 Freshwater
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • caves
  • exclusively in caves
Highighted items on the list are where Encrasicholina punctifer may be found.
Remarks Epipelagic (Ref. 58302). A schooling species found inshore and in oceanic waters, hundreds of miles from land (Ref. 189, 75154). Sometimes entering large atoll lagoons or deep, clear bays. (Ref. 189). Ranks among the most important food (bait) for tuna and other large pelagic fishes (Ref. 1602).

Substrate

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats : lagoons;
Special habitats Ref. Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988

Associations

Ref.
Associations schooling;
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type
Feeding type ref
Feeding habit
Feeding habit ref
Trophic level(s)
Original sample Unfished population Remark
Estimation method Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
From diet composition
Ref.
From individual food items
(e.g. 346)
(e.g. cnidaria)
Entered by Pablico, Grace Tolentino on 11.29.02
Modified by Ortañez, Auda Kareen on 08.20.08
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