| Main Ref. | Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988 | ||||
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| Distribution |
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| Remarks | Also recorded down to 400 m depth off West Africa and descending in winter to 100 to 159 m depth in the Mediterranean; euryhaline, tolerating salinities of 5 to 41 o/oo and in some areas entering lagoons, estuaries or lakes, especially in the warmer months during the spawning season. A tendency to extend into more northern waters in summer and generally to move into the surface layers, retreating and descending in winter (Ref. 189). 90% of the diet consisted of meso- and macrozooplankton (Ref. 42649). |
| Substrate | |
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| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
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| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Feeding type ref | Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Feeding habit | selective plankton feeding | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Feeding habit ref | Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trophic level(s) |
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