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Ecology of Engraulis ringens
 
Main Ref. Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988
Distribution
Marine - Neritic
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
 Marine - Oceanic
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
 Brackishwater
  • estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
 Freshwater
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • caves
  • exclusively in caves
Highighted items on the list are where Engraulis ringens may be found.
Remarks Inhabits the upwelling system off Peru and Chile. Mainly within 80 km of coast, but occasionally as far out as 160 km, forming huge shoals, chiefly in surface waters (descending in daytime to 50 m, rising at night). Employs both filter- and particulate-feeding modes on diatoms and copepods (Ref. 42392). Its northern distribution in Peruvian waters is limited in some years by the El Niño phenomenon.

Substrate

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79)
Feeding type ref Pauly, D., A. Jarre, S. Luna, V. Sambilay Jr., B.R. de Mendiola and A. Alamo, 1989
Feeding habit filtering plankton
Feeding habit ref Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988
Trophic level(s)
Original sample Unfished population Remark
Estimation method Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
From diet composition 2.70 0.32
Ref. Pauly, D., A. Jarre, S. Luna, V. Sambilay Jr., B.R. de Mendiola and A. Alamo, 1989
From individual food items 2.86 0.38 Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
(e.g. 346)
(e.g. cnidaria)
Entered by Froese, Rainer on 10.19.90
Modified by Pablico, Grace Tolentino on 09.28.04
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