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Ecology of Epinephelus miliaris
 
Main Ref. Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993
Distribution
Marine - Neritic
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
 Marine - Oceanic
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
 Brackishwater
  • estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
 Freshwater
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • caves
  • exclusively in caves
Highighted items on the list are where Epinephelus miliaris may be found.
Remarks Inhabit rocky regions (Ref. 9137). Found in a variety of habitats. Juveniles (8 - 21 cm SL) have been taken from mud bottoms, seagrass beds, mangrove swamps, and from coral reefs in depths of 1 to 16 m; adults in coral reefs at depths of 18 to 180 m. Stomach contents reported to include juvenile clappid crab, a stomatopod, and a gastropod (Ref. 6448).

Substrate

Substrate Benthic; Hard Bottom;
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs;
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type ref Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993
Feeding habit hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit ref Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993
Trophic level(s)
Original sample Unfished population Remark
Estimation method Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
From diet composition
Ref.
From individual food items 3.76 0.62 Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
(e.g. 346)
(e.g. cnidaria)
Entered by Sta. Iglesia, Drina on 06.06.01
Modified by Ortañez, Auda Kareen on 11.19.08
Checked by Sta. Iglesia, Drina on 06.08.01
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