| Main Ref. | Yamashita, Y., N. Piamthipmanus and K. Mochizuki, 1987 | ||||
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| Distribution |
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| Remarks | Adults inhabit reef habitats to a depth of at least 128 m, except in heavy surge areas. Also found in sandy bottoms adjacent to reef areas (Ref. 36710), either solitary or in schools (Ref. 9710). Present in seagrass beds at all life stages (Ref. 41878). Feed on small fishes, crustaceans (squids and shrimps) (Ref. 36327, 36710, 37816). Mainly piscivorous but supplements its diet with squids and shrimps (Ref. 36327). Carnivore (Ref. 57615). |
| Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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| Substrate Ref. | Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin, 2004 |
| Special habitats | Beds: algae/seaweed; sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
| Special habitats Ref. | Dominici-Arosemena, A. and M. Wolff, 2006 |
| Ref. | |
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| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Feeding type ref | Yamashita, Y., N. Piamthipmanus and K. Mochizuki, 1987 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Feeding habit ref | Yamashita, Y., N. Piamthipmanus and K. Mochizuki, 1987 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trophic level(s) |
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