| Main Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1985 | ||||
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| Distribution |
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| Remarks | Euryhaline species (Ref. 12743). Juveniles and young adults occur in mangrove estuaries, the lower reaches of freshwater streams (Ref. 30573, 48635, 44894) and tidal creeks (Ref. 44894). Adults are often found in groups around coral reefs (Ref. 9710). Eventually migrate offshore to deeper reef areas, sometimes penetrating to depths in excess of 100 m. Mainly nocturnal, feed mostly on fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 55). Habitat frequently consists of areas of abundant shelter in the form of caves or overhanging ledges. Carnivore (Ref. 57615). |
| Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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| Substrate Ref. | Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin, 2004 |
| Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
| Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
| Ref. | |
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| Associations | |
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| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Feeding type ref | Allen, G.R., 1985 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Feeding habit ref | Allen, G.R., 1985 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trophic level(s) |
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