| Main Ref. | Bath, D.W. and J.M. O'Connor, 1985 | ||||
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| Distribution |
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| Remarks | Occurs in fresh, brackish and coastal waters (Ref. 7251). Primarily found in brackish water but common in pools and other quiet water areas of medium to large rivers, usually over mud. Anadromous species. In freshwater they feed on aquatic insects (caddisflies, mayflies, dragonflies and midge larvae), fish eggs and small fishes (smelt, yellow perch, elvers and the young of their own species); crustaceans, small fishes and fish eggs consumed in the salt water. |
| Substrate | Soft Bottom: mud; |
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| Substrate Ref. | Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986 |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | Scott, W.B. and M.G. Scott, 1988 |
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| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | Parasites of the species include Cyclops bicuspidatus (copepod) and Lironeca ovalis (Ref. 5951). |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Feeding type ref | Bath, D.W. and J.M. O'Connor, 1985 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Feeding habit ref | Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman, 1998 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trophic level(s) |
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