| Main Ref. | Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman, 1998 | ||||
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| Distribution |
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| Remarks | Sensitive to temperature and light. Do not inhabit flowing waters of streams and rivers except at spawning time. Exhibit pronounced post-spawning mortality (Ref. 1998). Anadromous (Ref. 5951). It is preyed upon by mergansers, cormorants, gulls, crows, Atlantic cod, Atlantic salmon, brook trout, seals, lake trout, burbot, walleye and perch. |
| Substrate | |
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| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | Scott, W.B. and M.G. Scott, 1988 |
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| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | Parasites of the species include Brachyphallus crenatus, Derogenes varicus and Hemiurus appendiculatus (trematodes); Proteocephalus sp. (cestode); Phocanema decipiens and Phocanema sp. Larva from the stomach and intestine (nematodes); Leptorhyncoides thecatus in the musculature, viscera, body cavity and mesenteries (acanthocephalan); and a copepod, Ergasilus funduli in the gills (Ref. 5951). |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Feeding type ref | Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman, 1998 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Feeding habit ref | Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman, 1998 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trophic level(s) |
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