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Ecology of Sphoeroides testudineus
 
Main Ref. Pauly, D., 1991
Distribution
Marine - Neritic
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
 Marine - Oceanic
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
 Brackishwater
  • estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
 Freshwater
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • caves
  • exclusively in caves
Highighted items on the list are where Sphoeroides testudineus may be found.
Remarks Has been observed to manipulate prey using its beak-like teeth, but primarily crushes items within the oral cavity, using its crushing plates (Ref. 45549).

Substrate

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs;
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type ref Pauly, D., 1991
Feeding habit hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit ref
Trophic level(s)
Original sample Unfished population Remark
Estimation method Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
From diet composition 3.24 0.46
Ref. Austin, H. and S. Austin, 1971
From individual food items 3.40 0.48 Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
(e.g. 346)
(e.g. cnidaria)
Entered by Binohlan, Crispina B. on 03.10.92
Modified by Sa-a, Pascualita on 01.17.04
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