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Ecology of Sphyrna zygaena
 
Main Ref. Smale, M.J., 1991
Distribution
Marine - Neritic
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
 Marine - Oceanic
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
 Brackishwater
  • estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
 Freshwater
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • caves
  • exclusively in caves
Highighted items on the list are where Sphyrna zygaena may be found.
Remarks A carnivore (Ref. 9137).

Substrate

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type ref Smale, M.J., 1991
Feeding habit hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit ref Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993
Trophic level(s)
Original sample Unfished population Remark
Estimation method Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
From diet composition 4.94 0.48 4.54 0.81 Troph of adults from 3 studies.
Ref. Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000
From individual food items 4.32 0.72 Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
(e.g. 346)
(e.g. cnidaria)
Entered by Sa-a, Pascualita on 08.05.98
Modified by Sta. Iglesia, Drina on 05.23.01
Checked by Sta. Iglesia, Drina on 05.23.01
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