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Ecology of Upeneus parvus
 
Main Ref. Vergara, R. and J.E. Randall, 1978
Distribution
Marine - Neritic
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
 Marine - Oceanic
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
 Brackishwater
  • estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
 Freshwater
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • caves
  • exclusively in caves
Highighted items on the list are where Upeneus parvus may be found.
Remarks Found over mud and sand bottoms (Ref. 3792). Juveniles up to 8 cm are pelagic (Ref. 9626). Feeds mainly on benthic invertebrates (Ref. 3792); on fish and shrimps (Ref. 26338).

Substrate

Substrate Soft Bottom: sand; mud;
Substrate Ref. Vergara, R. and J.E. Randall, 1978
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type ref Sierra, L.M., R. Claro and O.A. Popova, 1994
Feeding habit hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit ref Gómez-Canchong, P., L. Manjarrés M., L.O. Duarte and J. Altamar, 2004
Trophic level(s)
Original sample Unfished population Remark
Estimation method Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
From diet composition 3.93 0.66 3.79 0.59 Troph of juv./adults from 1 study.
Ref. Gómez-Canchong, P., L. Manjarrés M., L.O. Duarte and J. Altamar, 2004
From individual food items 4.05 0.70 Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
(e.g. 346)
(e.g. cnidaria)
Entered by Sa-a, Pascualita on 09.17.99
Modified by Pablico, Grace Tolentino on 07.24.08
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