| Scientific Name | Author | English Name |
|---|---|---|
| Abramites eques | (Steindachner, 1878) | |
| Abramites hypselonotus | (Günther, 1868) | Marbled headstander |
| Anostomoides atrianalis | Pellegrin, 1909 | |
| Anostomoides laticeps | (Eigenmann, 1912) | |
| Anostomoides passionis | Santos & Zuanon, 2006 | |
| Anostomus anostomus | (Linnaeus, 1758) | Striped headstander |
| Anostomus brevior | Géry, 1961 | |
| Anostomus longus | Géry, 1961 | |
| Anostomus ternetzi | Fernández-Yépez, 1949 | |
| Anostomus ucayalensis | (Fowler, 1906) | |
| Gnathodolus bidens | Myers, 1927 | |
| Hypomasticus despaxi | (Puyo, 1943) | |
| Hypomasticus garmani | (Borodin, 1929) | |
| Hypomasticus julii | (Santos, Jégu & Lima, 1996) | |
| Hypomasticus lineomaculatus | Birindelli, Peixoto, Wosiacki & Britski, 2013 | |
| Hypomasticus megalepis | (Günther, 1863) | |
| Hypomasticus mormyrops | (Steindachner, 1875) | |
| Hypomasticus pachycheilus | (Britski, 1976) | |
| Hypomasticus thayeri | (Borodin, 1929) | |
| Laemolyta fasciata | Pearson, 1924 | |
| Laemolyta fernandezi | Myers, 1950 | |
| Laemolyta garmani | (Borodin, 1931) | |
| Laemolyta macra | Géry, 1974 | |
| Laemolyta nitens | (Garman, 1890) | |
| Laemolyta orinocensis | (Steindachner, 1879) | |
| Laemolyta proxima | (Garman, 1890) | |
| Laemolyta taeniata | (Kner, 1858) | |
| Laemolyta varia | (Garman, 1890) | |
| Leporellus cartledgei | Fowler, 1941 | |
| Leporellus pictus | (Kner, 1858) | |
| Leporellus retropinnis | (Eigenmann, 1922) | |
| Leporellus vittatus | (Valenciennes, 1850) | |
| Leporinus acutidens | (Valenciennes, 1837) | |
| Leporinus affinis | Günther, 1864 | |
| Leporinus agassizii | Steindachner, 1876 | |
| Leporinus alternus | Eigenmann, 1912 | |
| Leporinus amae | Godoy, 1980 | |
| Leporinus amazonicus | Santos & Zuanon, 2008 | |
| Leporinus amblyrhynchus | Garavello & Britski, 1987 | |
| Leporinus apollo | Sidlauskas, Mol & Vari, 2011 | |
| Leporinus arcus | Eigenmann, 1912 | Lipstick leporinus |
| Leporinus arimaspi | Burns, Frable & Sidlauskas, 2014 | |
| Leporinus aripuanaensis | Garavello & dos Santos, 1981 | |
| Leporinus badueli | Puyo, 1948 | |
| Leporinus bahiensis | Steindachner, 1875 | |
| Leporinus bimaculatus | Castelnau, 1855 | |
| Leporinus bistriatus | Britski, 1997 | |
| Leporinus bleheri | Géry, 1999 | |
| Leporinus boehlkei | Garavello, 1988 | |
| Leporinus brinco | Birindelli, Britski & Garavello, 2013 | |
| Leporinus britskii | Feitosa, Santos & Birindelli, 2011 | |
| Leporinus brunneus | Myers, 1950 | |
| Leporinus conirostris | Steindachner, 1875 | |
| Leporinus copelandii | Steindachner, 1875 | |
| Leporinus cylindriformis | Borodin, 1929 | |
| Leporinus desmotes | Fowler, 1914 | |
| Leporinus ecuadorensis | Eigenmann & Henn, 1916 | |
| Leporinus elongatus | Valenciennes, 1850 | |
| Leporinus falcipinnis | Mahnert, Géry & Muller, 1997 | |
| Leporinus fasciatus | (Bloch, 1794) | Banded leporinus |
| Leporinus friderici | (Bloch, 1794) | Threespot leporinus |
| Leporinus geminis | Garavello & Santos, 2009 | |
| Leporinus gomesi | Garavello & Santos, 1981 | |
| Leporinus gossei | Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1991 | |
| Leporinus granti | Eigenmann, 1912 | |
| Leporinus guttatus | Birindelli & Britski, 2009 | |
| Leporinus holostictus | Cope, 1878 | |
| Leporinus jamesi | Garman, 1929 | |
| Leporinus jatuncochi | Ovchynnyk, 1971 | |
| Leporinus klausewitzi | Géry, 1960 | |
| Leporinus lacustris | Amaral Campos, 1945 | |
| Leporinus lebaili | Géry & Planquette, 1983 | |
| Leporinus leschenaulti | Valenciennes, 1850 | |
| Leporinus macrocephalus | Garavello & Britski, 1988 | |
| Leporinus maculatus | Müller & Troschel, 1844 | Spotted leporinus |
| Leporinus marcgravii | Lütken, 1875 | |
| Leporinus melanopleura | Günther, 1864 | Spottail leporinus |
| Leporinus melanopleurodes | Birindelli, Britski & Garavello, 2013 | |
| Leporinus melanostictus | Norman, 1926 | |
| Leporinus microphthalmus | Garavello, 1989 | |
| Leporinus moralesi | Fowler, 1942 | |
| Leporinus multifasciatus | Cope, 1878 | |
| Leporinus muyscorum | Steindachner, 1900 | |
| Leporinus nattereri | Steindachner, 1876 | |
| Leporinus niceforoi | Fowler, 1943 | |
| Leporinus nigrotaeniatus | (Jardine, 1841) | Halfline leporinus |
| Leporinus nijsseni | Garavello, 1990 | |
| Leporinus obtusidens | (Valenciennes, 1837) | |
| Leporinus octofasciatus | Steindachner, 1915 | |
| Leporinus octomaculatus | Britski & Garavello, 1993 | |
| Leporinus ortomaculatus | Garavello, 2000 | |
| Leporinus pachyurus | Valenciennes, 1850 | |
| Leporinus parae | Eigenmann, 1907 | |
| Leporinus paralternus | Fowler, 1914 | |
| Leporinus paranensis | Garavello & Britski, 1987 | |
| Leporinus parvulus | Birindelli, Britski & Lima, 2013 | |
| Leporinus pearsoni | Fowler, 1940 | |
| Leporinus pellegrinii | Steindachner, 1910 | |
| Leporinus piau | Fowler, 1941 | |
| Leporinus piavussu | Britski, Birindelli & Garavello, 2012 | |
| Leporinus pitingai | Santos & Jégu, 1996 | |
| Leporinus platycephalus | Meinken, 1935 | |
| Leporinus punctatus | Garavello, 2000 | |
| Leporinus reinhardti | Lütken, 1875 | |
| Leporinus reticulatus | Britski & Garavello, 1993 | |
| Leporinus santosi | Britski & Birindelli, 2013 | |
| Leporinus sexstriatus | Britski & Garavello, 1980 | |
| Leporinus spilopleura | Norman, 1926 | |
| Leporinus steindachneri | Eigenmann, 1907 | |
| Leporinus steyermarki | Inger, 1956 | |
| Leporinus striatus | Kner, 1858 | |
| Leporinus subniger | Fowler, 1943 | |
| Leporinus taeniatus | Lütken, 1875 | |
| Leporinus taeniofasciatus | Britski, 1997 | |
| Leporinus tigrinus | Borodin, 1929 | |
| Leporinus trifasciatus | Steindachner, 1876 | |
| Leporinus trimaculatus | Garavello & Santos, 1992 | |
| Leporinus uatumaensis | Santos & Jégu, 1996 | |
| Leporinus unitaeniatus | Garavello & Santos, 2009 | |
| Leporinus vanzoi | Britski & Garavello, 2005 | |
| Leporinus venerei | Britski & Birindelli, 2008 | |
| Leporinus wolfei | Fowler, 1940 | |
| Leporinus y-ophorus | Eigenmann, 1922 | |
| Petulanos intermedius | (Winterbottom, 1980) | |
| Petulanos plicatus | (Eigenmann, 1912) | |
| Petulanos spiloclistron | (Winterbottom, 1974) | |
| Pseudanos gracilis | (Kner, 1858) | |
| Pseudanos irinae | Winterbottom, 1980 | |
| Pseudanos trimaculatus | (Kner, 1858) | Threespot headstander |
| Pseudanos varii | Birindelli, Lima & Britski, 2012 | |
| Pseudanos winterbottomi | Sidlauskas & Santos, 2005 | |
| Rhytiodus argenteofuscus | Kner, 1858 | |
| Rhytiodus elongatus | (Steindachner, 1908) | |
| Rhytiodus lauzannei | Géry, 1987 | |
| Rhytiodus microlepis | Kner, 1858 | |
| Sartor elongatus | Santos & Jégu, 1987 | |
| Sartor respectus | Myers & Carvalho, 1959 | |
| Sartor tucuruiense | Santos & Jégu, 1987 | |
| Schizodon altoparanae | Garavello & Britski, 1990 | |
| Schizodon australis | Garavello, 1994 | |
| Schizodon borellii | (Boulenger, 1900) | |
| Schizodon corti | Schultz, 1944 | |
| Schizodon dissimilis | (Garman, 1890) | |
| Schizodon fasciatus | Spix & Agassiz, 1829 | |
| Schizodon intermedius | Garavello & Britski, 1990 | |
| Schizodon isognathus | Kner, 1858 | |
| Schizodon jacuiensis | Bergmann, 1988 | |
| Schizodon knerii | (Steindachner, 1875) | |
| Schizodon nasutus | Kner, 1858 | |
| Schizodon platae | (Garman, 1890) | |
| Schizodon rostratus | (Borodin, 1931) | |
| Schizodon scotorhabdotus | Sidlauskas, Garavello & Jellen, 2007 | |
| Schizodon succinctus | Burmeister, 1861 | |
| Schizodon vittatus | (Valenciennes, 1850) | |
| Synaptolaemus cingulatus | Myers & Fernández-Yépez, 1950 | |
| Synaptolaemus latofasciatus | (Steindachner, 1910) |