| Scientific Name | Author | English Name |
|---|---|---|
| Cairnsichthys rhombosomoides | (Nichols & Raven, 1928) | Cairns rainbowfish |
| Chilatherina alleni | Price, 1997 | |
| Chilatherina axelrodi | Allen, 1979 | Axelrod's rainbowfish |
| Chilatherina bleheri | Allen, 1985 | Bleher's rainbowfish |
| Chilatherina bulolo | (Whitley, 1938) | Bulolo rainbowfish |
| Chilatherina campsi | (Whitley, 1957) | Highlands rainbowfish |
| Chilatherina crassispinosa | (Weber, 1913) | Silver rainbowfish |
| Chilatherina fasciata | (Weber, 1913) | Barred rainbowfish |
| Chilatherina lorentzii | (Weber, 1907) | Lorentz's rainbowfish |
| Chilatherina pagwiensis | Allen & Unmack, 2012 | |
| Chilatherina pricei | Allen & Renyaan, 1996 | |
| Chilatherina sentaniensis | (Weber, 1907) | Sentani rainbowfish |
| Glossolepis dorityi | Allen, 2001 | |
| Glossolepis incisus | Weber, 1907 | Red rainbowfish |
| Glossolepis kabia | (Herre, 1935) | |
| Glossolepis leggetti | Allen & Renyaan, 1998 | Leggett's rainbowfish |
| Glossolepis maculosus | Allen, 1981 | Spotted rainbowfish |
| Glossolepis multisquamata | (Weber & de Beaufort, 1922) | Sepik rainbowfish |
| Glossolepis pseudoincisus | Allen & Cross, 1980 | Tami River rainbowfish |
| Glossolepis ramuensis | Allen, 1985 | Ramu rainbowfish |
| Glossolepis wanamensis | Allen & Kailola, 1979 | Lake Wanam rainbowfish |
| Iriatherina werneri | Meinken, 1974 | Threadfin rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia affinis | (Weber, 1907) | North New Guinea rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia ajamaruensis | Allen & Cross, 1980 | Ajamaru lakes rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia albimarginata | Allen, Hadiaty, Unmack & Erdmann, 2015 | Whitetip rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia ammeri | Allen, Unmack & Hadiaty, 2008 | |
| Melanotaenia angfa | Allen, 1990 | Yakati rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia arfakensis | Allen, 1990 | Arfak rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia arguni | Kadarusman, Hadiaty & Pouyaud, 2012 | |
| Melanotaenia aruensis | Allen, Hadiaty, Unmack & Erdmann, 2015 | Aru rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia australis | (Castelnau, 1875) | Western rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia batanta | Allen & Renyaan, 1998 | Batanta rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia boesemani | Allen & Cross, 1980 | Boeseman's rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia caerulea | Allen, 1996 | Blue rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia catherinae | (de Beaufort, 1910) | Waigeo rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia corona | Allen, 1982 | Corona rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia duboulayi | (Castelnau, 1878) | Crimsonspotted rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia eachamensis | Allen & Cross, 1982 | Lake Eacham rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia exquisita | Allen, 1978 | Exquisite rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia fasinensis | Kadarusman, Sudarto, Paradis & Pouyaud, 2010 | |
| Melanotaenia fluviatilis | (Castelnau, 1878) | Murray River rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia fredericki | (Fowler, 1939) | Sorong rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia garylangei | Graf, Herder & Hadiaty, 2015 | |
| Melanotaenia goldiei | (Macleay, 1883) | Goldie River rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia gracilis | Allen, 1978 | Slender rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia herbertaxelrodi | Allen, 1981 | Lake Tebera rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia irianjaya | Allen, 1985 | Irian Jaya rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia iris | Allen, 1987 | Strickland rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia japenensis | Allen & Cross, 1980 | Yapen rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia kamaka | Allen & Renyaan, 1996 | Kamaka rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia kokasensis | Allen, Unmack & Hadiaty, 2008 | |
| Melanotaenia kolaensis | Allen, Hadiaty, Unmack & Erdmann, 2015 | Kola rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia lacustris | Munro, 1964 | Lake Kutubu rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia lakamora | Allen & Renyaan, 1996 | Lakamora rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia maccullochi | Ogilby, 1915 | Macculloch's rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia mairasi | Allen & Hadiaty, 2011 | |
| Melanotaenia maylandi | Allen, 1983 | Mayland's rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia misoolensis | Allen, 1982 | Misool rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia monticola | Allen, 1980 | Mountain rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia mubiensis | Allen, 1996 | Mubi rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia nigrans | (Richardson, 1843) | Blackbanded rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia ogilbyi | Weber, 1910 | Ogilby's rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia oktediensis | Allen & Cross, 1980 | Oktedi rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia papuae | Allen, 1981 | Papuan rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia parkinsoni | Allen, 1980 | Parkinson's rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia parva | Allen, 1990 | Lake Kuromai rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia patoti | Weber, 1907 | Patoti’s rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia picta | Allen, Hadiaty, Unmack & Erdmann, 2015 | Painted rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia pierucciae | Allen & Renyaan, 1996 | Pierucci's rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia pimaensis | Allen, 1981 | Pima River rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia praecox | (Weber & de Beaufort, 1922) | Dwarf rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia pygmaea | Allen, 1978 | Pygmy rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia rubripinnis | Allen & Renyaan, 1998 | Red-finned rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia rubrivittata | Allen, Unmack & Hadiaty, 2015 | |
| Melanotaenia rubrostriata | (Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886) | Red-striped rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia salawati | Kadarusman, Sudarto, Slembrouck & Pouyaud, 2011 | |
| Melanotaenia senckenbergianus | (Weber, 1911) | Senckenberg rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia sexlineata | (Munro, 1964) | Fly River rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia solata | Taylor, 1964 | Northern Rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia splendida | (Peters, 1866) | Eastern rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia sylvatica | Allen, 1997 | |
| Melanotaenia synergos | Allen & Unmack, 2008 | |
| Melanotaenia trifasciata | (Rendahl, 1922) | Banded rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia urisa | Kadarusman, Setiawibawa & Pouyaud, 2012 | |
| Melanotaenia utcheensis | McGuigan, 2001 | Utchee rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia vanheurni | (Weber & de Beaufort, 1922) | Van Heurn's rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia veoliae | Kadarusman, Caruso & Pouyaud, 2012 | |
| Melanotaenia wanoma | Kadarusman, Segura & Pouyaud, 2012 | |
| Melanotaenia wokamensis | Allen, Hadiaty, Unmack & Erdmann, 2015 | Wokam rainbowfish |
| Pelangia mbutaensis | Allen, 1998 | |
| Rhadinocentrus ornatus | Regan, 1914 | Ornate rainbowfish |