| Main Ref. | Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985 |
| Mode | dioecism |
| Fertilization | external |
| Mating type | |
| Spawning frequency | Variable throughout range |
| Batch spawner | Ref. |
| Reproductive guild |
nonguarders open water/substratum egg scatterers |
| Parental Care | |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | The breeding pattern is extremely complex, with two principal spawning periods in some areas (linked with upwelling regimes off west Africa). |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |