Family Chimaeridae - Shortnose chimaeras or ratfishes
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Order |
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Class |
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Holocephali |
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No. in FishBase |
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Genera : 2 | Species : 40 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes |
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Environment |
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Fresh : No |
Brackish : No |
Marine : Yes |
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Division |
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Marine |
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Aquarium |
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none |
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First Fossil Record |
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lower
Jurassic
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Ref.. Berg, L.S. 1958 | |
Remark |
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Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans in temperate to tropical waters, mostly below 200 m. Short and rounded snout. First dorsal fin erectile, with a strong spine; second dorsal fin long and low. Diphycercal tail, i.e. vertebral colum runs straight to the tip, dividing the caudal fin symmetrically. Anal fin confluent with caudal fin in Hydrolagus; separate in Chimaera. Feed on small fishes and bottom invertebrates. Males with head clasper. Oviparous; large tadpole-shaped egg capsules are deposited on substrate. Dorsal spine with associated poison gland, the venom of which hurts humans. |
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Etymology |
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Latin, chimaera = monster. 1634 ( Ref. 45335). |
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Reproductive guild |
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nonguarders |
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Typical activity level |
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sluggish |
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Coordinator |
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Important recommendation:
The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.
Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.
But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.
Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.
This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).
In the column CofF, the digit indicates the status of synchronization with CofF: 0: Not checked; 1: Same status; 2: Different status; 3: Other combination; 4: Synonym in CofF; 5: Species/Subspecies issue; 6: Synonym of another species in CofF; 7: Not in CofF; 8: Should not be in CofF. The CofF version currently used is the one published on 23-07-2014 (Ref. 97102).
The list ordered as follows:
Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.
Scientifc name | Status | Senior/Junior synonym | Combination | CofF |
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Chimaera monstrosa Linnaeus, 1758 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Chimaera argentea Ascanius, 1772 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Chimaera borealis Shaw, 1804 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Chimaera mediterranea Risso, 1827 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Chimaera cristata Faber, 1829 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Chimaera arctica Gistel, 1848 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Chimaera dubia Osório, 1909 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Chimaera phantasma Jordan & Snyder, 1900 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
! Chimaeridae phantasma Jordan & Snyder, 1900 | synonym | senior | original | |
Chimaera pseudomonstrosa Fang & Wang, 1932 | synonym | junior | original | 1 |
Chimaera jordani Tanaka, 1905 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Chimaera owstoni Tanaka, 1905 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Chimaera cubana Howell Rivero, 1936 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Chimaera panthera Didier, 1998 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Chimaera lignaria Didier, 2002 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Chimaera sp. D Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Chimaera argiloba Last, White & Pogonoski, 2008 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Chimaera sp. E Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Chimaera fulva Didier, Last & White, 2008 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Chimaera sp. 1 Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Chimaera sp. A Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Hydrolagus sp. Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Chimaera macrospina Didier, Last & White, 2008 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Chimaera sp. C Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Chimaera obscura Didier, Last & White, 2008 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Chimaera sp. B Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Chimaera bahamaensis Kemper, Ebert, Didier & Compagno, 2010 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Chimaera notafricana Kemper, Ebert, Compagno & Didier, 2010 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Chimaera sp. Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Chimaera vaillanti Dean, 1906 | ambiguous | other | original | 2 |
Chimaera monstrosa (non Linnaeus, 1758) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Chimaera opalescens Luchetti, Iglésias & Sellos, 2011 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Chimaera orientatis Angulo, López, Bussing & Murase, 2014 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Hydrolagus colliei (Lay & Bennett, 1839) | accepted | senior | new | |
Chimaera colliei Lay & Bennett, 1839 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Chimaera neglecta Ogilby, 1888 | synonym | junior | original | 1 |
Chimaera media Garman, 1911 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Hydrolagus media (Garman, 1911) | synonym | junior | new | |
Hydrolagus affinis (de Brito Capello, 1868) | accepted | senior | new | |
Chimaera affinis de Brito Capello, 1868 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Chimaera plumbea Gill, 1878 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Chimaera abbreviata Gill, 1883 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Hydrolagus ogilbyi (Waite, 1898) | accepted | senior | new | |
Chimaera ogilbyi Waite, 1898 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Chimaera tsengi Fang & Wang, 1932 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Hydrolagus tsengi (Fang & Wang, 1932) | synonym | junior | new | |
Hydrolagus mirabilis (Collett, 1904) | accepted | senior | new | |
Chimaera mirabilis Collett, 1904 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Hydrolagus mitsukurii (Jordan & Snyder, 1904) | accepted | senior | new | |
Chimaera mitsukurii Jordan & Snyder, 1904 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Chimaera mitsukurii Dean, 1904 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Psychichthys mitsukurii (Dean, 1904) | synonym | junior | new | |
Hydrolagus purpurescens (Gilbert, 1905) | accepted | senior | new | |
Chimaera purpurescens Gilbert, 1905 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Chimaera gilberti Garman, 1911 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Hydrolagus waitei Fowler, 1907 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Hydrolagus barbouri (Garman, 1908) | accepted | senior | new | |
Chimaera barbouri Garman, 1908 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Chimaera spilota Tanaka, 1908 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Hydrolagus novaezealandiae (Fowler, 1911) | accepted | senior | new | |
Chimaera novaezealandiae Fowler, 1911 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
! Chimaera novae-zealandiae Fowler, 1911 | synonym | senior | original | |
! Hydrolagus novaezelandiae (Fowler, 1911) | synonym | senior | new | |
Chimaera monstrosa var. australis Hector, 1902 | ambiguous | homonym | original | 2 |
Chimaera australis Hector, 1902 | ambiguous | homonym | change in rank | |
Hydrolagus deani (Smith & Radcliffe, 1912) | accepted | senior | new | |
Chimaera deani Smith & Radcliffe, 1912 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Hydrolagus africanus (Gilchrist, 1922) | accepted | senior | new | |
Chimaera africana Gilchrist, 1922 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Hydrolagus eidolon (Jordan & Hubbs, 1925) | accepted | senior | new | |
Psychichthys eidolon Jordan & Hubbs, 1925 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Chimaera purpurascens Jordan & Snyder, 1904 | synonym | other | original | 2 |
! Chimaera purpurescens Jordan & Snyder, 1904 | synonym | other | original | |
Hydrolagus lemures (Whitley, 1939) | accepted | senior | new | |
Phasmichthys lemures Whitley, 1939 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Hydrolagus alberti Bigelow & Schroeder, 1951 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Hydrolagus macrophthalmus de Buen, 1959 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
! Hydrolagus macrophathalmus de Buen, 1959 | synonym | senior | original | |
Hydrolagus pallidus Hardy & Stehmann, 1990 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Hydrolagus bemisi Didier, 2002 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Hydrolagus sp. B2 Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Hydrolagus trolli Didier & Séret, 2002 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Hydrolagus sp. C Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Hydrolagus matallanasi Soto & Vooren, 2004 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Hydrolagus lusitanicus Moura, Figueiredo, Bordalo-Machado, Almeida & Gordo, 2005 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Hydrolagus alphus Quaranta, Didier, Long & Ebert, 2006 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Hydrolagus mccoskeri Barnett, Didier, Long & Ebert, 2006 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Hydrolagus homonycteris Didier, 2008 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Hydrolagus sp. A Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Hydrolagus sp. B Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Hydrolagus marmoratus Didier, 2008 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Hydrolagus sp. B Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Hydrolagus melanophasma James, Ebert, Long & Didier, 2009 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |