Family Ostraciidae - Boxfishes
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Order |
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Class |
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Actinopterygii |
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No. in FishBase |
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Genera : 8 | Species : 25 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes |
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Environment |
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Fresh : No |
Brackish : No |
Marine : Yes |
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Division |
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Marine |
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Aquarium |
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many |
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First Fossil Record |
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lower
Tertiary
lower
Eocene |
Ref.. Berg, L.S. 1958 | |
Remark |
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Since Nelson (1994: Ref. 7463), the subfamily Aracaninae (6 genera, 13 species) has been removed from the Ostraciidae and ressurected to family level (Ref. 54719).
The following information concerns the Ostraciidae s.l. and must be updated.
Distribution: Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. A bony carapace enclosing body. Pelvic skeleton absent. Spinous dorsal lacking. Dorsal fin rays 9-13. Anal fin rays 9-13. Non-protrusible upper jaw. Vertebrae usually 18. Some species of trunkfishes secrete ostracitoxin, poisonous to other fishes and, to some extent, even to trunkfishes. Feed on small sessile invertebrates and on algae. They are territorial and haremic, spawning pelagic eggs at dusk. Not recommended for aquaria. Other common names in use are cowfishes and trunkfishes.
About 60 cm maximum length. |
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Etymology |
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Greek, ostrakon = shell |
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Reproductive guild |
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nonguarders |
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Typical activity level |
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Coordinator |
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Osteichthyes | Actinopterygii | Actinopteri | Neopterygii | Teleostei | Osteoglossocephalai | Clupeocephala | Euteleosteomorpha | Neoteleostei | Eurypterygia | Ctenosquamata | Acanthomorphata | Euacanthomorphacea | Percomorphaceae | Percomorpharia | Tetraodontiformes | Ostracioidei | Ostraciidae |
Important recommendation:
The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.
Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.
But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.
Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.
This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).
In the column CofF, the digit indicates the status of synchronization with CofF: 0: Not checked; 1: Same status; 2: Different status; 3: Other combination; 4: Synonym in CofF; 5: Species/Subspecies issue; 6: Synonym of another species in CofF; 7: Not in CofF; 8: Should not be in CofF. The CofF version currently used is the one published on 23-07-2014 (Ref. 97102).
The list ordered as follows:
Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.
Scientifc name | Status | Senior/Junior synonym | Combination | CofF |
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Ostracion cubicus Linnaeus, 1758 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
! Ostacion cubicus Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original | |
! Ostracion cubicua Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original | |
! Ostracion cubicum Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original | |
Ostracion tuberculatus Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Ostracion argus Rüppell, 1828 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Ostracion meleagris Shaw, 1796 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Ostracion meleagris meleagris Shaw, 1796 | synonym | senior | change in rank | |
Ostracion lentiginosus Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Ostracion punctatus Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
! Ostracium sebae Bleeker, 1851 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Ostracion sebae Bleeker, 1851 | synonym | junior | original | |
Ostracion camurum Jenkins, 1901 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Ostracion clippertonense Snodgrass & Heller, 1905 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Ostracion cyanurus Rüppell, 1828 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Ostracion immaculatus Temminck & Schlegel, 1850 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Ostracion rhinorhynchos Bleeker, 1851 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Rhynchostracion rhinorhynchos (Bleeker, 1851) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Ostracion rhinorhynchus Bleeker, 1851 | synonym | senior | original | |
! Ostracion rhynorhyncus Bleeker, 1851 | synonym | senior | original | |
! Rhynchostracion rhinorhynchus (Bleeker, 1851) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Rhynchostracion rhynorhynchus Bleeker, 1851 | synonym | senior | original | |
Rhynchostracion nasus (non Bloch, 1785) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Ostracion solorensis Bleeker, 1853 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Ostracion whitleyi Fowler, 1931 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Ostracion ornatus Hollard, 1857 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Ostracion trachys Randall, 1975 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Lactophrys trigonus (Linnaeus, 1758) | accepted | senior | new | |
Ostracion trigonus Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Ostracion undulatus Poey, 1868 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Ostracium expansum Cope, 1871 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Ostracion expansum Cope, 1871 | synonym | junior | original | |
Lactophrys bicaudalis (Linnaeus, 1758) | accepted | senior | new | |
Ostracion bicaudalis Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Rhinesomus bicaudalis (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Lactyphrys bicaudalis (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Ostracion bicaudale Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original | |
! Ostracium bicaudale Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original | |
Lactophrys triqueter (Linnaeus, 1758) | accepted | senior | new | |
Ostracion triqueter Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Rhinesomus triqueter (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new | |
Tetrosomus gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758) | accepted | senior | new | |
Ostracion gibbosus Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Rhinesomus gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Tertrosomus gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Tetrasoma gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Tetrasomus gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Tetrosomus gibosus (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new | |
Ostracion turritus Forsskål, 1775 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Tetrosomus concatenatus (Bloch, 1785) | accepted | senior | new | |
Ostracion concatenatus Bloch, 1785 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
! Rhinosomus concatenatus (Bloch, 1785) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Tetrasomus concatenatus (Bloch, 1785) | synonym | senior | new | |
Lactophrys tritropis Snyder, 1911 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Tetrosomus tritropis (Snyder, 1911) | synonym | junior | new | |
Ostracion triqueter (non Linnaeus, 1758) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Tetrosomus stellifer (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | accepted | senior | new | |
Ostracion stellifer Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Tetrosomus reipublicae (Whitley, 1930) | accepted | senior | new | |
Triorus reipublicae Whitley, 1930 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Lactophrys reipublicae Ogilby, 1913 | ambiguous | other | original | 2 |
Rhinesomus reipublicae (Ogilby, 1913) | ambiguous | other | new | |
Tetrosomus reipublicae (Ogilby, 1913) | ambiguous | other | new | |
Acanthostracion quadricornis (Linnaeus, 1758) | accepted | senior | new | |
Ostracion quadricornis Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Lactophrys quadricornis (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new | |
Ostracion tricornis Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Acanthostracion tricornis (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | junior | new | |
Lactophrys tricornis (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | junior | new | |
Acanthostracion notacanthus (Bleeker, 1863) | accepted | senior | new | |
Ostracion notacanthus Bleeker, 1863 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Lactophrys notacanthus (Bleeker, 1863) | synonym | senior | new | |
Ostracion quadricornis notacanthus Bleeker, 1863 | synonym | senior | change in rank | |
Acanthostracion guineensis (Bleeker, 1865) | accepted | senior | new | |
Ostracion guineensis Bleeker, 1865 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Lactophrys guineensis (Bleeker, 1865) | synonym | senior | new | |
Ostracion quadricornis (non Linnaeus, 1758) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Ostracion tricornis (non Linnaeus, 1758) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Acanthostracion polygonius Poey, 1876 | accepted | senior | original | 2 |
Lactophrys polygonia (Poey, 1876) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Acanthostracion poligonos Poey, 1876 | synonym | senior | original | |
! Acanthostracion polygonia Poey, 1876 | synonym | senior | original | |
! Lactophrys polygonius (Poey, 1876) | synonym | senior | new | |
Lactophrys saxatilis Mowbray, 1931 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Lactophrys tricornis (non Linnaeus, 1758) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Lactoria cornuta (Linnaeus, 1758) | accepted | senior | new | |
Ostracion cornutus Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
! Lactoria cornutus (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new | |
Lactoria diaphana (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | accepted | senior | new | |
! Ostracion diaphanus Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Ostracion diaphanum Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | synonym | senior | original | |
! Lactoria diaphanus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Lactoria diaphinus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | synonym | senior | new | |
Ostracion brevicornis Temminck & Schlegel, 1850 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Lactoria schlemmeri Jordan & Snyder, 1904 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Lactoria fornasini (Bianconi, 1846) | accepted | senior | new | |
Ostracion fornasini Bianconi, 1846 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Ostracion pentacanthus Bleeker, 1857 | ambiguous | questionable | original | 2 |
Lactoria pentacanthus (Bleeker, 1857) | ambiguous | questionable | new | |
Lactoria galeodon Jenkins, 1903 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Lactoria fuscomaculata von Bonde, 1923 | synonym | junior | original | 2 |
Lactoria paschae (Rendahl, 1921) | accepted | senior | new | |
Ostracion paschae Rendahl, 1921 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Paracanthostracion lindsayi (Phillipps, 1932) | accepted | senior | new | |
Ostracion lindsayi Phillipps, 1932 | synonym | senior | original | 2 |
Rhynchostracion nasus (Bloch, 1785) | accepted | senior | new | |
Ostracion nasus Bloch, 1785 | synonym | senior | original | 1 |
! Phynchostracion nasus (Bloch, 1785) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Ryncostracion nasus (Bloch, 1785) | synonym | senior | new |