Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Dasyatidae (Stingrays)
Etymology: Himantura: Greek, iman, imantos = thong, strap + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).

Environment / Climate / Range Ecology

Marine; demersal. Tropical, preferred ?; 30°N - 24°S

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Indo-West Pacific: Bay of Bengal to New Guinea, north to the Ryukyu Islands, south to northern Australia. Not occurring in the western Indian Ocean.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ?, range 85 - 90 cm
Max length : 410 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9840)

Demersal on soft substrate inshore (Ref.58048). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Size at birth about 20 cm WD and 92 cm TL (Ref. 90102). Caught occasionally in the demersal tangle net, bottom trawl and longline fisheries. Utilized for its meat, skin (high value) and cartilage (Ref.58048).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator : McEachran, John | Collaborators

Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens, 1994. Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

Vulnerable (VU) (A2cd+3cd+4cd)

CITES (Ref. 94142)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Venomous

Human uses

Fisheries: minor commercial

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More information

Countries
FAO areas
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Occurrences
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Ecology
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Common names
Synonyms
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Predators
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Reproduction
Maturity
Spawning
Fecundity
Eggs
Egg development

Age/Size
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Length-weight
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Morphometrics
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Larvae
Larval dynamics
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Internet sources

Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00430 - 0.02548), b=3.04 (2.83 - 3.25), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278): 3.6 ±0.5 se; Based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Resilience (Ref. 69278): Very Low, minimum population doubling time more than 14 years ().

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (79 of 100) .

Price category (Ref. 80766): Low.

Himantura undulata (Bleeker, 1852)