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Lepidocybium flavobrunneum  (Smith, 1843)

Escolar
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Image of Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (Escolar)
Lepidocybium flavobrunneum
Picture by Cambraia Duarte, P.M.N. (c)ImagDOP

klasifikasi / Names Nama-nama umum | Sinonim (persamaan) | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Ikan bertulan sejati > Perciformes (Perch-likes) > Gempylidae (Snake mackerels)
Etymology: Lepidocybium: Greek, lepis = scale + Greek, kybion, -ou = tunna (Ref. 45335).

Lingkungan / Klimat / Range Ekologi

; laut bentopelagis; oceanodromus (Ref. 51243); kisaran kedalaman 200 - 1100 m (Ref. 44037).   Deep-water, preferred 27°C (Ref. 107945); 50°N - 56°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 6181)

Penyebaran Negara-negara | Daerah-daerah FAO | Ecosystems | Kemunculan | Point map | Introduksi | Faunafri

Tropical and temperate seas of the world, but probably not occurring in the northern Indian Ocean. Northwest Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951). Eastern Atlantic: known from 13°N off Guinea to Lobutu, Angola (Ref. 10816).

Size / Weight / umur

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 6181); common length : 150 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 6181); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 45.0 kg (Ref. 3403)

deskripsi pendek Morfologi | Morfometrik

Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)): 8 - 9; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)): 16-18; Duri dubur 1-2; Sirip dubur lunak: 12 - 14; vertebrata, bertulang belakang: 31. Body almost uniformly dark brown, becoming almost black with age. Pelvic fins well developed, with I spine and 5 soft rays (Ref. 9784). Prominent lateral keel on caudal peduncle, flanked by smaller accessory keels above and below (Ref. 26938).

Biologi     Daftar kata (contoh epibenthic)

Occurs mainly over the continental slope, down to 200 m and more (Ref. 6181). Migrates upward at night (Ref. 6181). Feeds on squid, crustaceans and a wide variety of fishes (Ref. 6181). Flesh oily and may have purgative properties (Ref. 9784). Sometimes caught by tuna long-liners (Ref. 26938). Marketed frozen and as fish cakes in Japan (Ref. 9302).

Life cycle and mating behavior Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva

rujukan utama Upload your references | Acuan | Koordinator : Parin, Nikolay V. | mitra

Nakamura, I. and N.V. Parin, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 15. Snake mackerels and cutlassfishes of the world (families Gempylidae and Trichiuridae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the snake mackerels, snoeks, escolars, gemfishes, sackfishes, domine, oilfish, cutlassfishes,. scabbardfishes, hairtails, and frostfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(15):136 p. (Ref. 6181)

Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 115185)

CITES (Ref. 94142)

Not Evaluated

ancaman kepada manusia

  Harmless




penggunaan manusia

Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil
FAO(Perikanan: production; publication : search) | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FisheriesWiki | Sea Around Us

informasi lanjut

Nama-nama umum
Sinonim (persamaan)
metabolisme
Pemangsa
Ekotoksikologi
Reproduksi, perkembang biakan
Kematangan
Pemijahan
Fecundity
telur-telur
pekembangan telor
Umur / Saiz
Pertumbuhan
panjang-berat
panjang-panjang
ukuran frekuensi
Morfometrik
Morfologi
Larva
Dinamika larva
pemulihan
Kelimpahan
Acuan
Budidaya air
profil budidaya air
Strain
Genetika
Frekuensi alel
Diturunkan
Penyakit-penyakit
Pengolahan
Mass conversion
mitra
Gambar
Stamps, Coins
Suara-suara
Ciguatera
Kecepatan
Tipe renang
Area insang
Otoliths
Otak
Penglihatan / visi

Alat, peralatan

laporan khas

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Sumber internet

BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | semak peneliti ikan | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | Faunafri | Fishes of Iran | Fishtrace | GenBank(genom, Nukleotida) | GloBI | GOBASE | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Pangkalan data nasional | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | pengenalan RFE | Scirus | SeaLifeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia(pergi, Cari) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805):  PD50 = 1.0000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01072 (0.00525 - 0.02186), b=2.98 (2.79 - 3.17), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Trophic Level (Ref. 69278):  4.3   ±0.67 se; Based on food items.
Daya lenting (Ref. 69278):  Rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 4.5 - 14 tahun (Assuming tm=4-5).
keancaman (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (85 of 100) .
kategori harga (Ref. 80766):   Medium.