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Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Scomber: Greek, skombros = tunny or mackerel, 1623 (Ref. 45335); japonicus: Named after Japan, its type locality (Ref. 6885).
Medioambiente / Clima / Gama
Ecología
; marino; oceanodromo (Ref. 51243); rango de profundidad 0 - 300 m (Ref. 168), usually 50 - 200 m (Ref. 35185). Subtropical; 10°C - 27°C (Ref. 35185), preferred 25°C (Ref. 107945); 60°N - 48°S, 116°E - 70°W
Indo-Pacific: anti-tropical, absent from the Indian Ocean except for South Africa, KZN to Western Cape (58304).
Reports from Atlantic incl. Mediterranean are Scomber colias, and from Red Sea and northern Indian Ocean are Scomber australasicus (Ref. 27328).
Length at first maturity / Tamaño / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm 26.1 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 64.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 9015); common length : 30.0 cm FL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 168); peso máximo publicado: 2.9 kg (Ref. 26550); edad máxima reportada: 18 años (Ref. 35185)
Espinas dorsales (total): 9 - 11; Radios blandos dorsales (total): 112; Espinas anales 1; Radios blandos anales: 12 - 14; Vértebra: 31. Interpelvic process small and single. No well developed corselet. Swim bladder present. First haemal spine posterior to first interneural process; 12 to 15 interneural bones under first dorsal fin. Anal fin spine conspicuous, clearly separated from anal rays but joined to them by a membrane. Back with narrow stripes which zigzag and undulate. Belly unmarked (Pacific population) or with wavy lines (Atlantic pop.) (Ref. 168). Caudal peduncle with 5 finlets on the upper and lower edge. Distance between dorsal fins shorter than or equal to the first dorsal fin base (Ref. 35388).
A coastal pelagic species, to a lesser extent epipelagic to mesopelagic over the continental slope (Ref. 168). Schooling by size is well developed and initiates at approximately 3 cm (Ref. 168); may also form schools with Sarda chiliensis, Trachurus symmetricus and Sardinops sagax (Ref. 9340). Adults stay near the bottom during the day; go up to the open water at night, (Ref. 5377) where they feed on copepods and other crustaceans, fishes and squids (Ref. 168). They spawn in batches (Ref. 51846). Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 6769). In Asian waters, they move to deeper water and remain inactive during the winter season (Ref. 4576). Commercially cultured in Japan. Marketed fresh, frozen, smoked, salted and occasionally canned (Ref. 9684). Eaten fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988). Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166).
Spawning most often occurs at water temperatures of 15° to 20°C. Spawn in several batches with 250 to 300 eggs per g of fish with the total number of eggs per female ranging from 100,000 to 400,000.
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesquerías: muy comercial; Acuicultura: comercial; pesca deportiva: si; carnada: usually
Herramientas
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Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00741 (0.00654 - 0.00840), b=3.07 (3.03 - 3.11), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nivel trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.1 se; Based on diet studies.
Resiliencia (Ref.
69278): Medio, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo de 1.4-4.4 años (K=0.12-0.22; tm=2-3; tmax=18).
Prior r = 0.6, 2 SD range = 0.31 - 1.17, log(r) = -0.51, SD log(r) = 0.33, Based on: 2 M, 23 K, 3 tgen, 5 tmax, 8 Fec records
Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100) .