Omgeving / Klimaat / Range
Ecologie
; marien; oceanodroom (Ref. 51243); diepteverspreiding 0 - 915 m (Ref. 43), usually 0 - 200 m (Ref. 43). Subtropical; 15°C - 30°C (Ref. 43), preferred 28°C (Ref. 107945); 44°N - 47°S, 18°E - 69°W (Ref. 43)
Indo-Pacific: tropical and subtropical waters, occasionally entering temperate waters. Stray individuals migrate into the Atlantic Ocean by way of the Cape of Good Hope, but the existence of Atlantic breeding stocks is unlikely. Highly migratory species, Annex I of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea (Ref. 26139).
Size / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 465 cm FL mannelijk/geslacht niet bekend; (Ref. 40637); common length : 380 cm TL mannelijk/geslacht niet bekend; (Ref. 30573); Maximaal gepubliceerd gewicht: 750.0 kg (Ref. 5503)
Dorsale stekels (totaal): 0; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal): 39-50; Anale stekels 0; Anale zachte stralen: 16 - 21. Body elongate and not very compressed; upper jaw produced into a robust but not very long beak; two dorsal fins, the height of the first less then the greatest body depth, becoming shorter posteriorly; pectoral fins falcate and rigid, with 19 to 20 rays; body densely covered with small, embedded scales with 1 or 2 sharp points; back dark blue; belly silvery white; membrane of first dorsal fin blue black, without spots; flanks without spots (Ref. 55763). Dark blue above, silvery white below; sometimes with light blue vertical stripes; 1st dorsal fin blackish to dark blue, other fins dark brown with tinges of dark blue in some specimens.
Oceanic, usually found in surface waters above the thermocline, often near shore close to land masses, islands and coral reefs. Feed on fishes, squids, cuttlefishes, octopods, large decapod crustaceans and mostly on small tunas when abundant (Ref. 9668). The flesh is of good quality; marketed refrigerated or frozen and prepared as sashimi in Japan (Ref. 9308). Also Ref. 9692.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Geslachtsrijpheid | Voortplanting | Kuitschieten | Eieren | Fecundity | Larven
Believed to prefer water temperatures around 27° to 28°C during spawning. Egg counts of ripe roe totaled about 40 million per female.
Nakamura, I., 1985. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 5. Billfishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of marlins, sailfishes, spearfishes and swordfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(5):65p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 43)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 115185)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
Gevaarlijk voor mensen
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel; vis voor de hengelsport: ja
Meer informatie
ReferentiesAquacultuurAquacultuurprofielKweeklijnenGeneticaAlleelfrequentiesErfelijkheidZiektenVerwerkingMass conversion
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Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 1.0005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00447 (0.00214 - 0.00932), b=3.13 (2.94 - 3.32), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic Level (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.4 se; Based on diet studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
69278): Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (K=0.47(?); Fec=67 million; assuming tm>2).
Prior r = 0.56, 2 SD range = 0.21 - 1.50, log(r) = -0.58, SD log(r) = 0.49, Based on: 2 K, 1 tmax, 3 Fec records
Kwetsbaarheid (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (78 of 100) .