Actinopterígios (peces con aletas radiadas) >
Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) >
Pleuronectidae (Righteye flounders) > Pleuronectinae
Etymology: Reinhardtius: Because of Johannes Christopher H. Reinhardt, Danish zoologist, studied under Vahl and Cuvier, professor in Kobanhavn in 1813 (1776-1845) (Ref. 45335).
Medioambiente / Clima / Gama
Ecología
; marino bentopelágico; oceanodromo (Ref. 51243); rango de profundidad 1 - 2200 m (Ref. 108960), usually 500 - 1000 m (Ref. 6263). Boreal; -1°C - 4°C (Ref. 43586), preferred 6°C (Ref. 107945); 79°N - 33°N, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 54862)
Circumglobal: In arctic and temperate waters; northern hemisphere. Sea of Japan off Honshu north to Shishmaref, Alaska in the Chukchi Sea, throughout the Aleutian Islands, and southeast to northern Baja California, Mexico. North Atlantic: New Jersey, USA to Spitsbergen (Svalbard Islands) and the Barents Sea south to Ireland. Northwest Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951).
Length at first maturity / Tamaño / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm 62.5, range 65 - 80 cm
Max length : 110 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 80637); 130.0 cm TL (female); common length : 56.0 cm FL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 55110); peso máximo publicado: 7.0 kg (Ref. 173); peso máximo publicado: 7.0 kg; edad máxima reportada: 30 años (Ref. 3561)
Espinas dorsales (total): 0; Radios blandos dorsales (total): 83-108; Espinas anales 0; Radios blandos anales: 62 - 79; Vértebra: 60 - 64. Dorsal origin behind posterior edge of upper eye. Caudal slightly forked to truncate. Pectorals small.
Often caught pelagically (Ref. 4705). Adults prefer bottom temperatures of -0.5°C to 6.0°C (Ref. 5951). Epibenthic (Ref. 58426). Feed on crustaceans, fishes (Ref. 4705, 6885), eelpouts, capelin, redfishes, deep sea prawns and other bottom invertebrates (Ref. 35388). Batch spawner (Ref. 51846). Utilized dried or salted and frozen; can be steamed and fried (Ref. 9988). Size of the Greenland halibut collected from 400-599 m deep in eastern Bering Sea, ranged from 9 to 99 cm FL with a mean of 56 cm (Ref. 55110).
Nielsen, J.G., 1986. Pleuronectidae. p. 1299-1307. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 3. (Ref. 4705)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesquerías: muy comercial
Herramientas
Special reports
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Fuentes de Internet
Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00490 (0.00382 - 0.00628), b=3.11 (3.04 - 3.18), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nivel trófico (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.1 se; Based on diet studies.
Resiliencia (Ref.
69278): Bajo, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo de 4.5-14 años (K=0.07-0.10; tm=7-12; tmax=30; Fec=6,800).
Prior r = 0.33, 2 SD range = 0.16 - 0.68, log(r) = -1.11, SD log(r) = 0.36, Based on: 5 K, 14 tgen, 1 tmax, 18 Fec records
Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (70 of 100) .