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Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Beloniformes (Needle fishes) > Belonidae (Needlefishes)
Etymology: Tylosurus: Greek, tylos = callus + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).

Issue
Issue on validity of subspecies: subspecies considered as valid in FB, elevated to species rank as Tylosurus rafale Collette & Parin, 1970 in Eschmeyer (CofF ver. Mar. 2011: Ref. 86697). Please send references, or more studies are needed.

Environment / Climate / Range Ecology

Marine; pelagic-oceanic; depth range 0 - ? m. Tropical, preferred ?

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Eastern Atlantic: restricted distribution, known from Freetown, Sierra Leone to Moçamedes, Angola.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 140 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 26999); common length : 90.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 26999)

Inhabits offshore waters, but also found in coastal waters (Ref. 2683). Feeds on fish and shrimps (Ref. 28587). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Eggs may be found attached to objects in the water by tendrils on the egg's surface (Ref. 205).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator : Collette, Bruce B. | Collaborators

Collette, B.B. and N.V. Parin, 1990. Belonidae. p. 592-597. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 5757)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

Least Concern (LC)

CITES (Ref. 94142)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30911)

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial

FAO(Publication : search) | FisheriesWiki | Sea Around Us

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Common names
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Eggs
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Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805): PD₅₀ = No PD50 data [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00129 (0.00058 - 0.00286), b=3.11 (2.93 - 3.29), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278): 4.1 ±0.67 se; Based on food items.

Resilience (Ref. 69278): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High to very high vulnerability (69 of 100) .

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Tylosurus acus rafale Collette & Parin, 1970