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Salmo trutta  Linnaeus, 1758

Sea trout
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Salmo trutta
Picture by Scarola, J.F.

country information

Common names: [No common name]
Occurrence:
Salinity:
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information:
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
National Database:

Classification / Names

Actinopterigi (pesci con pinne raggiate) > Salmoniformes (Salmons) > Salmonidae (Salmonids) > Salmoninae
Nomi Comuni | Sinonimi | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Common names from other countries

Кумжа, Truite de mer, Trucha marina, ... more

Main reference

Svetovidov, A.N. 1984. (Ref. 4779)
 Bibliografia | Biblio | Coordinatore | Collaboratori

Size / Peso / Age

Max length : 140 cm SL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 682); common length : 72.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 3397); Peso massimo pubblicato: 50.0 kg (Ref. 682); Età massima riportata: 38 anni (Ref. 32682)

Length at first maturity
 Lm 16.1, range 1 - 600 cm

Ambiente

; marino; acqua dolce; salmastro; anadromo (Ref. 51243); distribuzione batimetrica 0 - 28 m (Ref. 101587), usually 1 - 2 m (Ref. 101587)

Clima / Range

Subtropical; 18°C - 24°C (Ref. 12741), preferred 9°C (Ref. 107945); 71°N - 34°N, 25°W - 57°E

Distribuzione

Europe and Asia: Atlantic, North, White and Baltic Sea basins, from Spain to Chosha Bay (Russia). Found in Iceland and northernmost rivers of Great Britain and Scandinavia. In Rhône drainage, native only to Lake Geneva basin, which it entered after last glaciation. Native to upper Danube and Volga drainages. Introduced widely. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.
 Stati | Aree FAO | Ecosystems | Presenze | Introduzioni

Short description

Spine dorsali (totale): 3 - 4; Raggi dorsali molli (totale): 10-15; Spine anali 3-4; Raggi anali molli: 9 - 14; Vertebre: 57 - 59. Fusiform body (Ref. 51442). Head little and pointed (Ref. 51442). Mouth large, extending mostly after the eye and has well developed teeth (Ref. 51442). Teeth on shaft of vomer numerous and strongly developed (Ref. 7251). Caudal fin with 18-19 rays (Ref. 2196). Caudal peduncle thick and rounded (Ref. 51442). Little scales (Ref. 51442). Body is grey-blue colored with numerous spots, also below the lateral line (Ref. 51442). Blackish colored on upper part of body, usually orange on sides, surrounded by pale halos. Adipose fin with red margin.

Biologia     Glossario (es. epibenthic)

Found in streams, ponds, rivers and lakes (Ref. 5951). Individuals spend 1 to 5 years in fresh water and 6 months to 5 years in salt water (Ref. 51442). Juveniles mature in 3-4 years (Ref. 6885). Lacustrine populations undertake migration to tributaries and lake outlets to spawn, rarely spawning on stone, wave-washed lake shores. Spawns in rivers and streams with swift current, usually characterized by downward movement of water intro gravel (Ref. 59043). Spawning takes place normally more than one time (Ref. 51442). They prefer cold, well-oxygenated upland waters although their tolerance limits are lower than those of rainbow trout and favors large streams in the mountainous areas with adequate cover in the form of submerged rocks, undercut banks, and overhanging vegetation (Ref. 6465). Life history and spawning behavior is similar to the salmon Salmo salar (Ref. 51442). Each female produces about 10.000 eggs (Ref. 35388, Ref. 51442). Mainly diurnal (Ref. 682). Sea and lake trouts forage in pelagic and littoral habitats, while sea trouts mainly close to coast, not very far from estuary of natal river (Ref. 59043). Juveniles feed mainly on aquatic and terrestrial insects; adults on mollusks, crustaceans and small fish (Ref. 26523, Ref. 51442). Marketed fresh and smoked; eaten fried, broiled, boiled, cooked in microwave, and baked (Ref. 9988).

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

  Least Concern (LC) 

Threat to humans

  Potential pest



Human uses

Pesca: commerciale; Acquacoltura: commerciale; Pesce da pesca sportiva: si

Strumenti

E-book | Giuda pratica | Chiavi di identificazione | Generatore frequenze di lunghezza | Strumento Parametri Biologici | Mappa dei ritrovamenti | Classification Tree

Special reports

Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

Download XML

Summary page | Point data | Nomi Comuni | Photos

Fonti Internet

Alien/Invasive Species database | BHL | BOLDSystems | Check for other websites | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO(Acquacoltura: production; pesca: production; publication : search) | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | GenBank(genome, nucleotide) | GOBASE | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | iSpecies | Database Nazionali | Acquari pubblici | PubMed | Scirus | Sea Around Us | SeaLifeBase | Tree of Life | uBio | uBio RSS | Wikipedia(Go, ricerca) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record | Fishtrace

Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805)
 PD50 = 0.5000 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278)
 3.4   ±0.1 se; Based on diet studies.

Resilienza (Ref. 69278)
 Alto, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione meno di 15 mesi (rm=0.9; K=0.09-0.8; tmax=8; Fec=1,000)

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)
 High vulnerability (60 of 100)
Price category (Ref. 80766)
 Very high