country information

Common names: [No common name]
Occurrence:
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Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
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Uses: no uses
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Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
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分類 / Names

Actinopterygii 輻鰭魚綱 (條鰭魚) > Cypriniformes (Carps) > Cyprinidae (Minnows or carps) > Xenocyprinae
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Common names from other countries

Толстолобик белый, 鲢, Carpe argentée, ... more

主要參考資料

Skelton, P.H. 1993. (Ref. 7248)
參考文獻 | 文獻記錄 | 合作者 | 合作者

大小 / 重量 / 年齡

Max length : 105 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 18.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 35840); 最大體重: 50.0 kg (Ref. 30578)

Length at first maturity
L_m 51.7 range ? - ? cm

環境

; 淡水底中水層性; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 20 m (Ref. 6898)

氣候 / 範圍

6°C - 28°C (Ref. 37797), preferred ?; 64°N - 43°S

分布

Asia: Native to most major Pacific dainages of East Asia from Amur to Xi Jiang, China (Ref. 59043). China and Eastern Siberia. Introduced around the world for aquaculture and control of algal blooms. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction (Ref. 1739). Often confused with Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (Ref. 59043).

國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | 簡介

簡短描述

背棘 (總數): 1 - 3; 背的軟條 (總數): 6-7; 臀棘 1-3; 臀鰭軟條: 10 - 14. Body olivaceous to silvery. Barbels absent. Keels extend from isthmus to anus. Edge of last simple dorsal ray not serrated. Branched anal rays 12-13.5 (Ref. 13274). Differs from Hypophthalmichthys nobilis by having sharp scaleless keel from pectoral region to anal origin, 650-820 long, slender gill rakers, head length 24-29% SL, and plain pale coloration, greenish grey above, whitish below (Ref. 59043).

Found in their natural range in rivers with marked water-level fluctuations and overwinters in middle and lower stretches, swimming just beneath the surface. They feed in shallow (0.5-1.0 m deep) and warm (over 21°C) backwaters, lakes and flooded areas with slow current on phytoplankton and zooplankton (Ref. 30578, 10294). Bigger individuals from about 1.5 cm SL feed only on phytoplankton while larvae and small juveniles prey on zooplankton (Ref. 59043). Adults breed in rivers or tributaries over shallow rapids with gravel or sand bottom, in upper water layer or even at surface during floods when the water level increases by 50-120 cm above normal level. Conditions for spawning include high current (0.5-1.7 m/s), turbid water, temperatures above 15°C (usually 18-26°C) and high oxygen concentrations (Ref. 59043). Spawning ceases if conditions change (especially sensitive to water-level fall) and resumes again when water level increases. Juveniles and adults form large schools during spawning season. Mature individuals undertake long distance upriver migration at start of a rapid flood and water-level increase, able to leap over obstacles up to 1 m. After spawning, adults migrate to foraging habitats, In autumn, adults move to deeper places in main course of river where they remain without feeding. Larvae drift downstream and settle in floodplain lakes, shallow shores and backwaters with little or no current (Ref. 59043). In aquaculture, it can survive brackish water (up to 7 ppt) when released into estuaries and coastal lakes (Ref. 59043). Escape from fish farms are widely known even as they are stocked in large rivers and almost all still water bodies like lakes and ponds. Utilized fresh for human consumption and also introduced to many countries where its ability to clean reservoirs and other waters of clogging algae is appreciated even more than its food value (Ref. 9987). One of among 3 or 4 species of cyprinids whose world production in aquaculture exceeds 1 million tons per year (Ref. 30578).

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 115185)

近危 (NT)

對人類具威脅

人類使用

漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 商業性

工具

特別的報告

查看水族館維護 | 查看魚種資料頁 | 查看水產資料頁

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摘要頁 | 點圖資料 | 俗名 | 相片

網路資源

Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805)
PD₅₀ = 0.6250 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

營養階層 (Ref. 69278)
2.0 ±0.00 se; Based on food items.

回復力 (Ref. 69278)
中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.16-0.29; tm=2-6)

瀕危性 (Ref. 59153)
High vulnerability (55 of 100)

價格種類 (Ref. 80766)
Unknown

Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844)

分類 / Names

Common names from other countries

主要參考資料

大小 / 重量 / 年齡

環境

氣候 / 範圍

分布

簡短描述

生物學特性字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 115185)

對人類具威脅

人類使用

更多資訊

工具

特別的報告

下載 XML

網路資源

Estimates of some properties based on models

Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844)

分類 / Names

Common names from other countries

主要參考資料

大小 / 重量 / 年齡

環境

氣候 / 範圍

分布

簡短描述

生物學特性 字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 115185)

對人類具威脅

人類使用

更多資訊

工具

特別的報告

下載 XML

網路資源

Estimates of some properties based on models

生物學特性字彙 (例如 epibenthic)