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Classification / Names

Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Osmeriformes (Smelts) > Plecoglossidae (Ayu fish)
Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Common names from other countries

香鱼, سمك ليِّن أيو, Айю, ... more

Issue
All subspecies of Plecoglossus altivelis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) are synonymised under the species in Eschmeyer (CofF ver. Jul. 2010: Ref. 84883). Please send references, or more studies are needed.

Main reference

Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino. 1984. (Ref. 559)
References | Biblio | Coordinator | Collaborators

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 70.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 12218); common length : 15.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 35840); max. reported age: 3 years (Ref. 12218)

Length at first maturity
L_m 20.0, range 30 - 40 cm

Environment

Marine; freshwater; brackish; demersal; amphidromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 10 - ? m

Climate / Range

Subtropical, preferred ?; 44°N - 23°N

Distribution

Northwest Pacific: western Hokkaido in Japan southward to the Korean Peninsula, Taiwan and China. A subspecies Plecoglossus altivelis ryukyuensis occurs in Nansei-shoto, Japan (Ref. 34989).
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Short description

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10-11; Anal soft rays: 14 - 15; Vertebrae: 60 - 63. Pyloric caeca 350-400.

Typical amphidromous fish; appears in near shore from late autumn to spring (Ref. 11230). Found in lakes and rivers, preferring clean river water and can be found the entire river long, from the head to the mouth (Ref. 12218). Ascends the river during March when the temperature is around 10°C (Ref. 12218). Adults spawn in the spring, in the lower reaches of rivers. After spawning, some adults die while others return to the sea. Larvae enter the sea immediately after hatching and remain there during winter, feeding on plankton. In springtime, the young (5-7 cm TL) move upstream to the middle reaches of rivers to feed on algae. Fish (about 6-9 cm) start schooling at the river mouth and are insectivores and eat algae off small pebbles (Ref. 12218); this is assisted by small leaf-like teeth which are loosely attached to the jaw with two ligaments (Ref. 45181). Those that are ready to spawn (about 20 cm TL) move downstream to the lower reaches of the river. Spawning adults from the sea migrate upstream to the lower reaches as well. Some fish spawn two or three years in succession, others only once (Ref. 9987 & 559). River forms live usually only one year whereas lake forms can live two or three years (Ref. 12218). Reaches maturity at 30-40 cm (Ref. 12218). Highly esteemed food fish. Marketed fresh and consumed fresh, fried and broiled (Ref. 9987).

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

Data deficient (DD)

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes

More information

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Ecology
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Common names
Synonyms
Metabolism
Predators
Ecotoxicology
Reproduction
Maturity
Spawning
Fecundity
Eggs
Egg development

Age/Size
Growth
Length-weight
Length-length
Length-frequencies
Morphometrics
Morphology
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Recruitment
Abundance

References
Aquaculture
Aquaculture profile
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Allele frequencies
Heritability
Diseases
Processing
Mass conversion

Collaborators
Pictures
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Sounds
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Special reports

Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

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Internet sources

Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805)
PD₅₀ = 1.5000 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278)
2.8 ±0.16 se; Based on food items.

Resilience (Ref. 69278)
High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (tm=1; tmax=3; Fec=50,000-100,000)

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)
Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100)

Price category (Ref. 80766)
Unknown

Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)