Classification / Names
Common names from other countries
Main reference
Size / Weight / Age
Max length : 28.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 31256); common length : 17.5 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 12193)
Length at first maturity
Lm 13.2, range 13 - ? cm
Environment
Marine; freshwater; brackish; demersal; pH range: 7.0 - 8.0; dH range: 9 - 19; depth range 3 - ? m (Ref. 5723)
Climate / Range
Tropical; 23°C - 25°C (Ref. 2060), preferred ?; 27°N - 14°S, 18°W - 31°E
Distribution
Africa: Lagoons and estuaries from Mauritania to Cameroon. Introduced to several countries in Asia, USA and Europe (Ref. 21). At least one country reports adverse ecological impact after introduction. Previously, three subspecies were recognized: Sarotherodon melanotheron heudelotii, Sarotherodon melanotheron leonensis and Sarotherodon melanotheron melanotheron.
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions
Short description
Dorsal
spines
(total): 15 - 17;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 10-12;
Anal
spines: 3;
Anal
soft rays: 8 - 10;
Vertebrae: 26 - 28. Diagnosis: length of caudal peduncle 0.6-0.9 times in its depth (Ref. 53405). Melanic areas in adult usually present on lower parts of head, on cleithrum and on apices of caudal and soft dorsal fins; occasional irregular and asymmetrical spots on flanks probably representing vertical bars; median spot or transverse bar on nape rather constant (Ref. 2).
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)
Threat to humans
Potential pest
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; aquarium: commercial
Tools
Special reports
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Internet sources
Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index
PD50 = 0.5001 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)
Trophic Level
2.5 ±0.19 se; Based on food items.
Resilience
Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.16)
Vulnerability
Low vulnerability (16 of 100)
Price category