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Scomberomorus brasiliensis  Collette, Russo & Zavala-Camin, 1978

Serra Spanish mackerel
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Image of Scomberomorus brasiliensis (Serra Spanish mackerel)
Scomberomorus brasiliensis
Picture by Duarte, L.O.


Brazil country information

Common names: Caroroca, Cavala, Cavala-pintada
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: common (usually seen) | Ref: Figueiredo, J.L. and N.A. Menezes, 2000
Importance: commercial | Ref: Frimodt, C., 1995
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Its year round availability makes it an important food fish in northeastern Brazil (Ref. 9987). Museum: Belém market, USNM 217550 (holotype of S. brasiliensis, 50.2 cm FL) (Ref. 1909). Also Ref. 36453.
National Checklist:
Country Information: httpss://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/br.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983
National Database:

Classification / Names

Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Perciformes (Perch-likes) > Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Common names from other countries

Main reference

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 125 cm FL male/unsexed; (Ref. 168); common length : 65.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9987); max. published weight: 6.7 kg (Ref. 40637)

Length at first maturity
Lm 37.0  range ? - ? cm

Environment

Marine; reef-associated; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243)

Climate / Range

Tropical, preferred 27°C (Ref. 107945); 21°N - 36°S, 90°W - 29°W (Ref. 168)

Distribution

Western Atlantic: along the Caribbean and Atlantic coasts of Central and South America from Belize to Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Literature records for Scomberomorus maculatus from the Caribbean and the Atlantic coasts of Central and South America apply to Scomberomorus brasiliensis, which has erroneously been considered a synonym of Scomberomorus maculatus by many authors.
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Short description

Dorsal spines (total): 17 - 19; Dorsal soft rays (total): 15-19; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 16 - 20; Vertebrae: 47 - 49. Snout much shorter than rest of the head. Interpelvic process short and bifid. Lateral line gradually curving down toward caudal peduncle. Body entirely covered with small scales, no anterior corselet developed. Pelvic fins relatively short. Intestine with 2 folds and 3 limbs. Swim bladder absent. Sides silvery with several rows of round yellowish bronze spots. First dorsal fin black.

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Does not migrate extensively, although some seasonal movement appears to occur off Trinidad. Feeds largely on fishes, with smaller quantities of penaeid shrimps and loliginid cephalopods. Most of the catch is consumed fresh, but in Brazil some is salted and some has been canned. Also utilized smoked and frozen; used for ceviche (Ref. 9987).

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

Threat to humans

  Harmless



Human uses

Fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes

More information

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Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805)
PD50 = 0.5000 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278)
3.3   ±0.4 se; Based on diet studies.

Resilience (Ref. 69278)
Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.18; tm=3-4)

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)
High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100)
Price category (Ref. 80766)
High