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Ctenopharyngodon idella  (Valenciennes, 1844)

Grass carp
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Ctenopharyngodon idella   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Taiwan country information

Common names: [No common name]
Occurrence: not established
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref: FAO, 2000
Aquaculture: commercial | Ref: Liao, C.-I., H.-M. Su and E.Y. Chang, 2001
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Established on aquaculture through unassisted reproduction. Has not established in the wild (Ref. 1739). Production from polyculture reached 10,031.1 t in 1987 with exportation of fry (Ref. 6300). First successful larviculture in Taiwan occurred in 1963 (Ref. 40297). Also Ref. 5193.
National Checklist: Taiwan
Country Information: httpss://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/tw.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Liao, I.-C. and H.-C. Lia, 1989
National Database: The Fish Database of Taiwan

Classification / Names

Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Cypriniformes (Carps) > Cyprinidae (Minnows or carps) > Squaliobarbinae
Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Common names from other countries

Амур белый, 草鱼, شبّوط الأعشاب، مبروك الأعشاب, ... more

Main reference

Shireman, J.V. and C.R. Smith. 1983. (Ref. 48)
 References | Biblio | Coordinator | Collaborators

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 150 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 30578); common length : 10.7 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 35840); max. published weight: 45.0 kg (Ref. 7248); max. reported age: 21 years (Ref. 48)

Length at first maturity
 Lm ?, range 58 - 79.2 cm

Environment

Freshwater; demersal; potamodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 0 - 30 m (Ref. 6898)

Climate / Range

Subtropical; ? - 35°C (Ref. 52059), preferred ?; 65°N - 25°N

Distribution

Asia: China to eastern Siberia (Amur River system, Ref. 1441). Widely transported around the world (Ref. 7248). Persists only in Europe by stocking (Ref. 59043). Introductions often brought with it the parasitic tapeworm Bothriocephalus opsarichthydis (synonym of B. acheilognathi) (Ref. 12217). Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.
 Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Short description

Dorsal spines (total): 3; Dorsal soft rays (total): 7-8; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 7 - 11. No barbels. Snout very short, its length less than or equal to eye diameter. Postorbital length more than half head length (Ref. 4967). 18 soft rays for caudal fin (Ref. 40476). Diagnosed from rather similar species Mylopharyngodon piceus by having the following characters: body olive to brassy green above, silvery white to yellow below; body cylindrical; pharyngeal teeth laterally compressed, serrated, with a groove along grinding surface, usually in two rows, 2,5-4,2 (Ref. 59043).

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Adults occur in lakes, ponds, pools and backwaters of large rivers (Ref. 5723), preferring large, slow-flowing or standing water bodies with vegetation. Tolerant of a wide range of temperatures from 0° to 38°C, and salinities to as much as 10 ppt and oxygen levels down to 0.5 ppm. Feed on higher aquatic plants and submerged grasses; takes also detritus, insects and other invertebrates. One of the world's most important aquaculture species and also used for weed control in rivers, fish ponds and reservoirs (Ref. 9987). Spawn on riverbeds with very strong current (Ref. 30578). Utilized also fresh and eaten steamed, pan-fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9987). Considered as a pest in most countries because of the damages made to submerged vegetation (Ref. 43281).

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

  Not Evaluated 

Threat to humans

  Potential pest



Human uses

Fisheries: minor commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes

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Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

Alien/Invasive Species database | BHL | BOLDSystems | Check for other websites | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO(Aquaculture: production, species profile; fisheries: production; publication : search) | GenBank(genome, nucleotide) | GOBASE | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | iSpecies | National databases | Public aquariums | PubMed | Scirus | Sea Around Us | SeaLifeBase | Tree of Life | uBio | uBio RSS | Wikipedia(Go, Search) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record | Fishtrace

Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805)
 PD50 = 1.0000 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278)
 2.0   ±0.00 se; Based on food items.

Resilience (Ref. 69278)
 Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (K=0.13-0.19; tm=2-10; tmax=21; Fec=50,000)

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)
 High to very high vulnerability (65 of 100)
Price category (Ref. 80766)
 Unknown