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Carassius carassius  (Linnaeus, 1758)

Crucian carp
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Native range
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Carassius carassius   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Carassius carassius (Crucian carp)
Carassius carassius
Picture by Busse, K.


Germany (Federal Republic of) country information

Common names: Bauernkarpfen, Boretsch, Breitling
Occurrence: native
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: common (usually seen) | Ref: Winkler, H.M., K. Skora, R. Repecka, M. Ploks, A. Neelov, L. Urho, A. Gushin and H. Jespersen, 2000
Importance: subsistence fisheries | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Rare in the Neckar (Ref. 10013). Found in the Elbe estuary (Ref. 51031). Vulnerable in 1984 (Ref. 27368). Endangered in 1994 (Ref. 41851).
National Checklist:
Country Information: httpss://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/gm.html
National Fisheries Authority: https://www.ble.de/index.cfm?8C712107D9244972B3C193AC1917DCE7#Handelsbezeichnungen
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Welcomme, R.L., 1988
National Database: AGRDEU

Classification / Names

Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Cypriniformes (Carps) > Cyprinidae (Minnows or carps) > Cyprininae
Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Common names from other countries

Main reference

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 64.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 6114); common length : 15.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 556); max. published weight: 3.0 kg (Ref. 556); max. reported age: 10 years (Ref. 59043)

Environment

Freshwater; brackish; demersal; potamodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 5 - ? m (Ref. 2163)

Climate / Range

Temperate; 2°C - 22°C (Ref. 1672), preferred ?; 69°N - 35°N, 10°W - 169°E

Distribution

Eurasia: North, Baltic, White, Barents, Black and Caspian Sea basins; Aegean Sea basin only in Maritza drainage; eastward to Kolyma drainage (Siberia); westward to Rhine and eastern drainages of England. Absent from North Sea basin in Sweden and Norway. In Baltic basin north to about 66°N. Widely introduced to Italy, England and France but possibly often confused with Carassius gibelio (Ref. 59043). At least one country reports adverse ecological impact after introduction.
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Short description

Dorsal spines (total): 3 - 4; Dorsal soft rays (total): 13-22; Anal spines: 2-3; Anal soft rays: 5 - 7; Vertebrae: 32. Diagnosed from its congeners in Europe by having the following characters: body golden-green shining color; last simple anal and dorsal rays weakly serrated; 23-33 gill rakers; lateral line with 31-36 scales; free edge of dorsal convex; anal fin usually with 6½ branched rays; and peritoneum white (Ref. 59043). Caudal fin with 18-20 rays (Ref. 2196). No barbels. The third dorsal and anal-fin rays are strong and serrated posteriorly.

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Adults occur in shallow ponds, lakes rich in vegetation and slow moving rivers. They burrow in mud in the dry season or during winter (Ref. 2163). Usually restricted to densely vegetated backwaters and oxbows of lowland rivers. Can survive at high temperatures and at very low oxygen concentrations during summer and under ice cover (Ref. 59043). Tolerates cold, organic pollutants, and low oxygen levels in the water (Ref. 30578). Feeds all day but mainly at night on plankton, benthic invertebrates, plant materials and detritus. Usually does not occur in waters with rich ichthyofauna and abundant predatory species, but very abundant in the absence of other fish species. Spawns in dense submerged vegetation (Ref. 59043). Marketed fresh and frozen; eaten fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988). Live up to about 10 years. There is a gradual but continuing extirpation in many water bodies, especially in Danube drainage and central Europe, possibly to due competition with introduced Carassius gibelio in non-optimal habitats (Ref. 59043).

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

Threat to humans

  Potential pest (Ref. 13686)



Human uses

Fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: commercial; bait: occasionally

More information

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Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805)
PD50 = 0.5312 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278)
3.1   ±0.24 se; Based on food items.

Resilience (Ref. 69278)
Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (tm=2)

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)
Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100)
Price category (Ref. 80766)
Unknown