Iceland country information

Common names: Sandkoli
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: minor commercial | Ref: FAO, 1992
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Also Ref. 4645, 4705.
National Checklist:
Country Information: httpss://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/ic.html
National Fisheries Authority: https://brunnur.stjr.is/interpro/sjavarutv/english.nsf/pages/front
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Jonsson, G., 1992
National Database:

Classification / Names

Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Pleuronectidae (Righteye flounders) > Pleuronectinae
Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Common names from other countries

欧洲黄盖鲽, Ершоватка (=лиманда), Limande, ... more

Main reference

Cooper, J.A. and F. Chapleau. 1998. (Ref. 30193)
References | Biblio | Coordinator : Amaoka, Kunio | Collaborators

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 40.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4705); max. published weight: 1.0 kg (Ref. 35388); max. reported age: 12 years (Ref. 27407)

Length at first maturity
L_m 26.0, range 13 - 25 cm

Environment

Marine; demersal; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 20 - 150 m (Ref. 9988)

Climate / Range

Temperate, preferred 9°C (Ref. 107945); 72°N - 43°N, 25°W - 45°E (Ref. 54565)

Distribution

Northeast Atlantic: Bay of Biscay to Iceland and Norway; Barents and White seas; also Baltic Sea.
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Adults live mainly on sandy bottoms, from a few meters to about 100 m. Feed mainly on crustaceans and small fishes. Batch spawner (Ref. 51846). Marketed fresh, dried or salted, smoked and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled. microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

Least Concern (LC)

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial

More information

Countries
FAO areas
Ecosystems
Occurrences
Introductions
Stocks
Ecology
Diet
Food items
Food consumption
Ration

Common names
Synonyms
Metabolism
Predators
Ecotoxicology
Reproduction
Maturity
Spawning
Fecundity
Eggs
Egg development

Age/Size
Growth
Length-weight
Length-length
Length-frequencies
Morphometrics
Morphology
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Recruitment
Abundance

References
Aquaculture
Aquaculture profile
Strains
Genetics
Allele frequencies
Heritability
Diseases
Processing
Mass conversion

Collaborators
Pictures
Stamps, Coins
Sounds
Ciguatera
Speed
Swim. type
Gill area
Otoliths
Brains
Vision

Tools

Special reports

Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

Download XML

Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805)
PD₅₀ = 0.5156 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278)
3.4 ±0.64 se; Based on food items.

Resilience (Ref. 69278)
Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.3-0.6; tm=2-3; tmax=12; Fec=50,000)

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)
Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100)

Price category (Ref. 80766)
Medium

Limanda limanda (Linnaeus, 1758)