Classification / Names
Common names from other countries
Main reference
Size / Weight / Age
Max length : 75.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5284); common length : 30.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3287)
Length at first maturity
Lm ?, range 22 - 24 cm
Environment
Marine; brackish; reef-associated; amphidromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 15 - 105 m (Ref. 12260), usually 15 - 40 m (Ref. 54702)
Climate / Range
Tropical, preferred 27°C (Ref. 107945); 42°N - 30°S, 32°E - 154°E
Distribution
Short description
Dorsal
spines
(total): 2 - 6;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 41-46;
Anal
spines: 2;
Anal
soft rays: 35 - 40;
Vertebrae: 24. Deep-bodied and strongly compressed fishes. Lateral line ends in weakly-developed scutes on the caudal peduncle. Pelvic fins lost in individuals over 9 cm. Color is brown above, silvery-white below. The anterior parts of the dorsal and anal fins bluish-gray. The other fins yellowish.
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: highly commercial
Tools
Special reports
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Internet sources
Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index
PD50 = 1.0000 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)
Trophic Level
2.9 ±0.35 se; Based on food items.
Resilience
High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=0.6)
Vulnerability
Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100)
Price category