Malta country information

Common names: Cerna, Manann
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: common (usually seen) | Ref: Lanfranco, G.G., 1996
Importance: commercial | Ref: Lanfranco, G.G., 1993
Aquaculture: never/rarely | Ref: Lanfranco, G.G., 1993
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Also Ref. 5222.
National Checklist:
Country Information: httpss://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/mt.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Lanfranco, G.G., 1996
National Database:

Classificação / Names

Actinopterygii (peixes com raios nas barbatanas) > Perciformes (Perch-likes) > Serranidae (Sea basses: groupers and fairy basslets) > Epinephelinae
Nomes comuns | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Common names from other countries

Mérou noir, Mero moreno, Yellowbelly grouper, ... more

Referência principal

Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall. 1993. (Ref. 5222)
Referências | Bibliografia | Coordenador : Heemstra, Phillip C. | Colaboradores

Tamanho / Peso / Idade

Max length : 150 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 12382); Peso máx. publicado: 60.0 kg (Ref. 5222); Idade máx. registada: 50 anos (Ref. 12382)

Length at first maturity
L_m 47.0 range ? - ? cm

Ambiente

; marinhas associadas(os) a recifes; intervalo de profundidade 8 - 300 m (Ref. 27000), usually ? - 50 m (Ref. 5222)

Clima / Intervalo

Subtropical, preferred 26°C (Ref. 107945); 54°N - 43°S, 65°W - 58°E (Ref. 5222)

Distribuição

East and Southwest Atlantic and Western Indian Ocean: East Atlantic: throughout the Mediterranean Sea, and from the southern Bay of Biscaye to southern tip of Africa. Stray specimens reported from the British Isles, and eastern English Channel (Normandy, France; Ref. 92236). Southwest Atlantic: southeastern Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina. Western Indian Ocean: from tip of Africa to southern Mozambique and southern Madagascar. Reported from Oman and La Reunion I.
Países | Áreas FAO | Ecossistemas | Ocorrências | Introduções

Descrição breve

Espinhos dorsais (total): 11; Raios dorsais moles (total): 14-16; Espinhos anais 3; Raios anais moles: 8 - 9. Diagnosis: head and body dark reddish brown or greyish dorsally, usually yellowish gold ventrally; irregular white, pale greenish yellow or silvery grey blotches usually visible on the body and head and mostly arranged in vertical series; more or less distinct black maxillary streak; dark brown median fins; distal edge of anal and caudal fins, often also pectoral fins, narrowly white; pelvic fins blackish distally; pectoral fins dark reddish brown or grey; margin of spinous dorsal fin and basal part of the paired fins often golden yellow; head length 2.3-2.5 in SL; convex interorbital area; rounded preopercle, finely serrate, serrae at angle slightly enlarged; smooth subopercle and interopercle; eye diameter greater than or subequal to interorbital width in fish 10-30 cm SL, less than interorbital in fish over 40 cm SL; posterior and anterior nostrils subequal or posterior nostril slightly larger; maxilla naked, reaching to or slightly past vertical at rear edge of eye; 2-4 rows of subequal teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw (Ref. 89707).

Adults prefer rocky bottoms (Ref. 5222), are solitary and territorial (Ref. 12382). Juveniles are found closer to shore (Ref. 48605) in rocky tidal pools (Ref. 48609). Enters brackish environments (Ref. 57293). Mainly feed on crabs and octopi; larger individuals feed on a greater proportion of fishes, the majority of which are reef-associated species (Ref. 6842). A protogynous hermaphrodite (Ref. 55367). Mature individuals form spawning aggregations (Ref. 55367). Utilized as a food fish (Ref. 171). Readily caught by anglers (Ref. 5222). Not adapted well in an aquarium (Ref. 12382).

Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 115185)

Ameaçada (EN) (A2d), IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group

Ameaça para o homem

Harmless

Utilização humana

Pescarias: altamente comercial; peixe desportivo: sim

Mais informação

Países
Áreas FAO
Ecossistemas
Ocorrências
Introduções
Stocks
Ecologia
Dieta
Itens alimentares
Consumo alimentar
Ração

Nomes comuns
Sinónimos
Metabolismo
Predadores
Ecotoxicologia
Reprodução
Maturidade
Desova
Fecundidade
Ovos
Desenvolvimento dos ovos

Idade/Tamanho
Crescimento
Comprimento-peso
Comprimento-comprimento
Frequência de comprimento
Morfometria
Morfologia
Larvas
Dinâmica larvar
Recrutamento
Abundância

Referências
Aquacultura
Perfil para aquacultura
Estirpes
Genética
Frequência dos alelos
Hereditariedade
Doenças
Processamento
Mass conversion

Colaboradores
Fotografias
Stamps, Coins
Sons
Ciguatera
Velocidade
Tipo de natação
Área branquial
Outras referências
Cérebros
Visão

Ferramentas

Relatórios especiais

Consultar manutenção em aquários | Consultar ficha de espécies | Consultar fichas de aquacultura

Descarregue XML

Página de resumo | Dado pontual | Nomes comuns | Fotografias

Fontes da internet

Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805)
PD₅₀ = 0.5000 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278)
4.4 ±0.0 se; Based on diet studies.

Resiliência (Ref. 69278)
Baixo, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 4,5 - 14 anos (K=0.03-0.09; tmax=50; tm=7)

Vulnerabilidade (Ref. 59153)
High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100)

Categoria de preço (Ref. 80766)
Very high

Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834)