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Merluccius merluccius  (Linnaeus, 1758)

European hake
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Image of Merluccius merluccius (European hake)
Merluccius merluccius
Picture by Svensen, R.


Netherlands country information

Common names: Heek, Stockvisch heek, Stokvis
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: scarce (very unlikely) | Ref: Nijssen, H. and S.J. de Groot, 1974
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information: httpss://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/nl.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990
National Database:

Classificação / Names

Actinopterygii (peixes com raios nas barbatanas) > Gadiformes (Cods) > Merlucciidae (Merluccid hakes) > Merlucciinae
Nomes comuns | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Referência principal

Tamanho / Peso / Idade

Max length : 140 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 1371); common length : 45.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 1371); Peso máx. publicado: 15.0 kg (Ref. 1371); Idade máx. registada: 20 anos (Ref. 35388)

Length at first maturity
Lm 42.8, range 20 - 70 cm

Ambiente

; marinhas demersal; intervalo de profundidade 30 - 1075 m (Ref. 58452), usually 70 - 400 m (Ref. 35388)

Clima / Intervalo

Temperate, preferred 19°C (Ref. 107945); 76°N - 18°N, 30°W - 42°E (Ref. 58452)

Distribuição

Eastern Atlantic: Norway and Iceland, southward to Mauritania. Also in the Mediterranean Sea and along the southern coast of the Black Sea.
Países | Áreas FAO | Ecossistemas | Ocorrências | Introduções

Descrição breve

Espinhos dorsais (total): 0; Raios dorsais moles (total): 43-51; Raios anais moles: 36 - 40. Inside of mouth and branchial cavity black. Second dorsal and anal fins notched. First vertebra and neural spine attached to skull. Vertebrae 50-52.

Biologia     Glossário (ex. epibenthic)

Found usually between 70 and 370 m depth. Adults live close to the bottom during day-time, but move off-bottom at night. Adults feed mainly on fish (small hakes, anchovies, pilchard, herrings, cod fishes, sardines and gadoid species) and squids. The young feed on crustaceans (especially euphausiids and amphipods). Are batch spawners (Ref. 51846). Almost entirely marketed fresh, whole or filleted, to specialized restaurants or retail markets (Ref. 58452). Utilized fresh, dried or salted and frozen; can be steamed, fried, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Stocks seem to be over-fished (Ref. 35388).

Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 115185)

Ameaça para o homem

  Harmless



Utilização humana

Pescarias: altamente comercial

Ferramentas

Relatórios especiais

Descarregue XML

Fontes da internet

Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805)
PD50 = 0.5000 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278)
4.4   ±0.0 se; Based on diet studies.

Resiliência (Ref. 69278)
Médio, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (K=0.07-0.3; tmax=20; Fecundity=7 million)

Vulnerabilidade (Ref. 59153)
High vulnerability (64 of 100)
Categoria de preço (Ref. 80766)
High