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Lithognathus mormyrus  (Linnaeus, 1758)

Sand steenbras
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Image of Lithognathus mormyrus (Sand steenbras)
Lithognathus mormyrus
Picture by Patzner, R.


Portugal country information

Common names: Besugo dova, Ferreira, Ferreira
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: occasional (usually not seen) | Ref: Veiga, P., J. Ribeiro, J.M.S. Gonçalves and K. Erzini, 2010
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Recorded from the south and southwest coast (Ref. 85184).
National Checklist: Portugal
Country Information: httpss://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/po.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Bauchot, M.-L., J.-C. Hureau and J.C. Miguel, 1981
National Database: Portuguese Freshwater Fishes

Classification / Names

ऐकटीनोप्टीरेजी (रेज़-फिन्नढ मछलियाँ) > Perciformes (Perch-likes) > Sparidae (Porgies)
आम नाम | उपशब्द | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Common names from other countries

Main reference

आकार / वज़न / Age

Max length : 55.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 3397); common length : 30.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 3688); अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 12 वर्षो (Ref. 13716)

Length at first maturity
Lm 18.8, range 20 - ? cm

पर्यावरण

; समुद्री; खारा ड़िमरसल; गहराई सीमा 0 - 150 m (Ref. 3688), usually 10 - 20 m (Ref. 37413)

जलवायु / सीमा

Subtropical, preferred 23°C (Ref. 107945); 48°N - 35°S, 25°W - 36°E

वितरण

Eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay, Strait of Gibraltar and Mediterranean; southward to Cape of Good Hope, South Africa; around the Canary and Cape Verde Islands (Ref. 3688); and Madeira Is (Ref. 74541). Western Indian Ocean: southern Mozambique (Ref. 3688). Not found in tropical east Africa (Ref. 3198), Red Sea (Ref. 84159) and Black Sea (Ref. 4781, 112870).
देश | ऐफ ऐ ओ क्षेत्र | Ecosystems | संयोग | भूमिका

Short description

पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण): 11; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण): 12-13; गुदा कांटा 3; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 10 - 11

जीवविज्ञान     शब्द संग्रह (उदाहरणार्थ epibenthic)

Found on the shelf, over sandy and muddy bottoms as well as seagrass-beds and estuaries. Gregarious, sometimes forming sizeable schools. Feeds on worms, mollusks and small crustaceans. Protandric hermaphrodite (Ref. 3688). Flesh excellent (Ref. 3198); sold fresh and dried.

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

Threat to humans

  Harmless



Human uses

मात्स्यिकी: लघु वाणिज्य; आखेट मत्स्य: हां

अधिक जानकारी

संदर्भ
जलीयकृषि
जलीयकृषि रूपरेखा
खींच
आनुवंशिकी
ऐल्लि आवृतियाँ
हैरेटिबिलटी
बीमारी
प्रक्रमण
Mass conversion
सहयोगीयो
तस्वीरे
Stamps, Coins
ध्वनि
सिगुयटिरा
रफ्तार
तैरने के प्रकार
गिल क्षेत्र
Otoliths
दिमाग
दृष्टि

साधन

Special reports

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इंटरनेट स्रोत

Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805)
PD50 = 0.5625 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278)
3.4   ±0.50 se; Based on food items.

लौटाव (Ref. 69278)
माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (K=0.24; tm=2)

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)
Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100)
Price category (Ref. 80766)
Medium