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Oncorhynchus keta  (Walbaum, 1792)

Chum salmon
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Oncorhynchus keta   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Oncorhynchus keta (Chum salmon)
Oncorhynchus keta
Picture by Keeley, E.R.


United States (contiguous states) country information

Common names: Alngartuliq, Amakaijak, Chum salmon
Occurrence: native
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref: Frimodt, C., 1995
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Ranges south to San Diego, California (Ref. 2850, 27436). Also Ref. 9988, 11366, 96339. Status of threat of Columbia River population; Hood Canal summer population; Olympic Peninsula rivers to Dungess Bay: threatened. Criteria: 1,2 (http://fisc.er.usgs.gov/afs/) (Ref. 81264).
National Checklist:
Country Information: httpss://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
National Fisheries Authority: https://www.nmfs.gov
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991
National Database:

Classification / Names

Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Salmoniformes (Salmons) > Salmonidae (Salmonids) > Salmoninae
Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Common names from other countries

Main reference

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 100.0 cm FL male/unsexed; (Ref. 559); common length : 58.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3561); max. published weight: 15.9 kg (Ref. 40637); max. reported age: 7 years (Ref. 1998)

Length at first maturity
Lm 70.0  range ? - ? cm

Environment

Marine; freshwater; brackish; benthopelagic; anadromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 0 - 250 m (Ref. 50550), usually ? - 61 m (Ref. 96339)

Climate / Range

Temperate; ? - 24°C (Ref. 35682), preferred 4°C (Ref. 107945); 67°N - 24°N, 130°E - 110°W (Ref. 54684)

Distribution

North Pacific: Korea , Japan, Okhotsk and Bering Sea (Ref. 1998), Arctic Alaska south to San Diego, California, USA. Asia: Iran (Ref. 39702).
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Short description

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10-14; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 13 - 17; Vertebrae: 59 - 71. Distinguished by the lack of distinct black spots on the back and tail and by the presence of 18 to 28 short, stout, smooth gill rakers on the first arch (Ref. 27547). Pelvic fins with axillary process; caudal truncate to slightly emarginate (Ref. 27547). Large individuals are steel-blue dorsally, with speckles of black; silver on the sides; silvery to white ventrally. Males have tinges of black on the tips of its caudal, anal and pectoral fins. Spawning males are dark olive to black dorsally; grey-red with green vertical bars on the sides; dark grey ventrally; anal and pelvic fins with white tips. Spawning females resemble spawning males but less distinctly marked.

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Inhabits ocean and coastal streams. Migrating fry form schools in estuaries, remain close to shore for a few months and finally disperse to enter the sea (Ref. 1998). Epipelagic (Ref. 58426). Juveniles and adults feed mainly on copepods, tunicates and euphausiids but also on pteropods, squid and small fishes (Ref. 1998). Adults cease feeding in freshwater (Ref. 1998). Males and females die after spawning. The catch is mostly canned but also sold fresh, dried-salted, smoked, and frozen. Eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved, and baked (Ref. 9988). Utilized for caviar.

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

Threat to humans

  Harmless



Human uses

Fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: public aquariums

More information

References
Aquaculture
Aquaculture profile
Strains
Genetics
Allele frequencies
Heritability
Diseases
Processing
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Speed
Swim. type
Gill area
Otoliths
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Internet sources

Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805)
PD50 = 0.5000 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278)
3.7   ±0.2 se; Based on diet studies.

Resilience (Ref. 69278)
Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.27-0.45; tm=2-5; tmax=6)

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)
Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100)
Price category (Ref. 80766)
Medium