United States (contiguous states) country information

Common names: Rock sole, Rock sole, Southern rock sole
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref: FAO, 1992
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Ranges south to San Nicholas I. (Ref. 27436) and Tanner Bank, off southern California (Ref. 2850). Locally abundant along the coasts of Washington, Oregon, and California (Ref. 37594). Also Ref. 559, 6793, 6885.
National Checklist:
Country Information: httpss://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
National Fisheries Authority: https://www.nmfs.gov
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983
National Database:

Classification / Names

Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Pleuronectidae (Righteye flounders) > Pleuronectinae
Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Common names from other countries

Fausse limande du Pacifique, Lenguado del Pacífico, Solha-da-rocha, ... more

Main reference

Orr, J.W. and A.C. Matarese. 2000. (Ref. 37594)
References | Biblio | Coordinator : Amaoka, Kunio | Collaborators

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 58.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 6885); 60.0 cm TL (female); max. published weight: 1.8 kg (Ref. 56370); max. reported age: 26 years (Ref. 55701)

Length at first maturity
L_m 34.7, range 31 - ? cm

Environment

Marine; demersal; depth range 0 - 575 m (Ref. 6793), usually 0 - 183 m (Ref. 6885)

Climate / Range

Temperate, preferred 4°C (Ref. 107945); 67°N - 34°N, 124°E - 119°W (Ref. 54562)

Distribution

North Pacific: Baja California to the eastern Aleutian Islands and extreme southeastern Bering Sea.
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Short description

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 65-82; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 50 - 65; Vertebrae: 39 - 42. Dorsal origin over forward part of eye. Caudal with posterior margin a broad 'V'. Pectorals small and may be asymmetrical (Ref. 6885). Blind side white, with glossy highlights along myotome margins, increasing anteriorly. Pores: supraorbital 3-9; preopercular 5-7; lateral line 70-91. Interorbital space narrow (Ref. 37594).

Adults occur over sand and gravel substrates to depths of 339 m; larvae collected over depths less than 1,000 m (Ref. 37594). Feed on mollusks, polychaete worms, crustaceans, brittle stars, and fishes (Ref. 6885). A tasty food fish; in some years commercial catch in Canada reaches 3,000 t (Ref. 2850).

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial

More information

Countries
FAO areas
Ecosystems
Occurrences
Introductions
Stocks
Ecology
Diet
Food items
Food consumption
Ration

Common names
Synonyms
Metabolism
Predators
Ecotoxicology
Reproduction
Maturity
Spawning
Fecundity
Eggs
Egg development

Age/Size
Growth
Length-weight
Length-length
Length-frequencies
Morphometrics
Morphology
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Recruitment
Abundance

References
Aquaculture
Aquaculture profile
Strains
Genetics
Allele frequencies
Heritability
Diseases
Processing
Mass conversion

Collaborators
Pictures
Stamps, Coins
Sounds
Ciguatera
Speed
Swim. type
Gill area
Otoliths
Brains
Vision

Tools

Special reports

Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

Download XML

Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805)
PD₅₀ = 0.6250 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278)
3.2 ±0.2 se; Based on diet studies.

Resilience (Ref. 69278)
Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (K=0.15; tm=9; tmax=26)

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)
High vulnerability (57 of 100)

Price category (Ref. 80766)
Medium

Lepidopsetta bilineata (Ayres, 1855)