United States (contiguous states) country information

Common names: Flathead sole, Flathead sole
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: minor commercial | Ref: FAO, 1992
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Ranges south to Monterey, California (Ref. 6793). Also Ref. 2850, 6885, 27436.
National Checklist:
Country Information: httpss://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
National Fisheries Authority: https://www.nmfs.gov
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Lamb, A. and P. Edgell, 1986
National Database:

Classification / Names

Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Pleuronectidae (Righteye flounders) > Pleuronectinae
Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Common names from other countries

Balai du Japon, Platija japonesa, Heilbuttscholle, ... more

Main reference

Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann. 1983. (Ref. 2850)
References | Biblio | Coordinator : Amaoka, Kunio | Collaborators

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 52.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 56370); max. published weight: 1.6 kg (Ref. 56370); max. reported age: 27 years (Ref. 55701)

Length at first maturity
L_m 34.3, range 28 - ? cm

Environment

Marine; demersal; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 0 - 1050 m (Ref. 6793)

Climate / Range

Temperate, preferred 5°C (Ref. 107945); 51°N - 29°N, 97°E - 90°W (Ref. 54555)

Distribution

North Pacific: Sea of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk, and the Bering Sea along the western coast of America to Pt. Reyes, central California, USA.
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Short description

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 75-85; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 55 - 68; Vertebrae: 42 - 46. Dorsal origin over anterior part of upper eye. Caudal with small elongation in center. Pectorals rather large with rounded tips.

Found on soft bottom (Ref. 2850). Adults usually below 180 m (Ref. 2850). Feed on clams, worms and crustaceans (Ref. 6885). Taken by shrimp and otter trawls (Ref. 6885).

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes

More information

Countries
FAO areas
Ecosystems
Occurrences
Introductions
Stocks
Ecology
Diet
Food items
Food consumption
Ration

Common names
Synonyms
Metabolism
Predators
Ecotoxicology
Reproduction
Maturity
Spawning
Fecundity
Eggs
Egg development

Age/Size
Growth
Length-weight
Length-length
Length-frequencies
Morphometrics
Morphology
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Recruitment
Abundance

References
Aquaculture
Aquaculture profile
Strains
Genetics
Allele frequencies
Heritability
Diseases
Processing
Mass conversion

Collaborators
Pictures
Stamps, Coins
Sounds
Ciguatera
Speed
Swim. type
Gill area
Otoliths
Brains
Vision

Tools

Special reports

Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

Download XML

Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805)
PD₅₀ = 0.5625 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278)
3.7 ±0.1 se; Based on diet studies.

Resilience (Ref. 69278)
Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (tm=1-3; Fec=72,000; tmax=27)

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)
High to very high vulnerability (70 of 100)

Price category (Ref. 80766)
Low

Hippoglossoides elassodon Jordan & Gilbert, 1880