United States (contiguous states) country information

Common names: Flounder, Sole, Winter flounder
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref: Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Present in the continental shelf waters off the northeastern United States (Ref. 37512).
National Checklist:
Country Information: httpss://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
National Fisheries Authority: https://www.nmfs.gov
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986
National Database:

Classification / Names

Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Pleuronectidae (Righteye flounders) > Pleuronectinae
Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Common names from other countries

Камбала зимняя, Limande-plie rouge, Solla roja, ... more

Main reference

Murdy, E.O., R.S. Birdsong and J.A. Musick. 1997. (Ref. 27549)
References | Biblio | Coordinator : Amaoka, Kunio | Collaborators

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 64.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 7251); max. published weight: 3.6 kg (Ref. 7251); max. reported age: 14 years (Ref. 52686)

Length at first maturity
L_m 27.4 range ? - ? cm

Environment

Marine; demersal; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 5 - 143 m (Ref. 5951)

Climate / Range

Temperate, preferred 9°C (Ref. 107945); 55°N - 31°N, 82°W - 52°W

Distribution

Western Atlantic: Labrador, Canada to Georgia, USA.
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Adults inhabit soft muddy to moderately hard bottoms (Ref. 5951). Feed predominantly in daytime on organisms living in, on or near the bottom; shrimps, amphipods, crabs, sea urchins and snails (Ref. 12232). Batch spawner (Ref. 51846).

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: experimental; gamefish: yes

More information

Countries
FAO areas
Ecosystems
Occurrences
Introductions
Stocks
Ecology
Diet
Food items
Food consumption
Ration

Common names
Synonyms
Metabolism
Predators
Ecotoxicology
Reproduction
Maturity
Spawning
Fecundity
Eggs
Egg development

Age/Size
Growth
Length-weight
Length-length
Length-frequencies
Morphometrics
Morphology
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Recruitment
Abundance

References
Aquaculture
Aquaculture profile
Strains
Genetics
Allele frequencies
Heritability
Diseases
Processing
Mass conversion

Collaborators
Pictures
Stamps, Coins
Sounds
Ciguatera
Speed
Swim. type
Gill area
Otoliths
Brains
Vision

Tools

Special reports

Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

Download XML

Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805)
PD₅₀ = 0.5312 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278)
3.6 ±0.1 se; Based on diet studies.

Resilience (Ref. 69278)
Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.11-0.7(?); tm=2-3; tmax=10)

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)
Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100)

Price category (Ref. 80766)
Very high

Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Walbaum, 1792)