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Nelson, J.S., 1994

Gadiformes cods

Actinopterygii

Batrachoidiformes 20 M years

Carroll, R., 1988  |  Helfman, G., B. Collette and D. Facey, 1997

middle Tertiary

Marine

Fresh

Brackish

Pelvic fins, when present, inserted below or in front of pectorals (thoracic or jugular, rarely behind in Macrouridae) with up to 11 rays; no true spines in the fins; most with long dorsal and anal fins; scales usually cycloid, rarely ctenoid; premaxilla forms the entire margin of upper jaw, protractile in some; ectopterygoid toothless; orbitosphenoid and basisphenoid absent; branchiostegal rays 6-8; posterior vertebral reduction results in posterior dorsal and anal pterygiophores exceeding the number of caudal vertebrae; swim bladder without pneumatic duct (the swim bladder is absent in Melanonus and Squalogadus).

Greek aktis = ray, thunderbolt, beam + Greek pterygion, diminutive of pteryx = wing, fin. Ref. 45335.

Latin gadus = cod, 1889 + Latin, forma = shape (Ref. 45335).

( n = 10 ) -
Bregmacerotidae Euclichthyidae Gadidae Lotidae Macrouridae Melanonidae Merlucciidae Moridae Muraenolepididae Phycidae Steindachneriidae

Ref.
[ e.g. 9948]                       

Glossary
                    [ e.g. cephalopods]