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Nelson, J.S., 1994

Gasterosteiformes sticklebacks and seamoths

Actinopterygii

Syngnathiformes 15 M years

Carroll, R., 1988  |  Helfman, G., B. Collette and D. Facey, 1997

late Tertiary

Marine

Fresh

Brackish

Pelvic girdle never attached directly to the cleithra; supramaxillary, orbitosphenoid, and basisphenoid absent; postcleithrum a single bone or absent; branchiostegal rays 1-5; body often with armor of dermal plates; mouth usually small. About 19 species are restricted to freshwater, and another 40 species are found in brackish water (some being variously diadromous or at lest able to commonly enter freshwater and marine water).

Greek aktis = ray, thunderbolt, beam + Greek pterygion, diminutive of pteryx = wing, fin. Ref. 45335.

Greek, gaster = stomach + Greek, + Greek, osteon = bone + Latin, forma = shape (Ref. 45335).

( n = 5 ) -
Aulorhynchidae Gasterosteidae Hypoptychidae Indostomidae Pegasidae

Ref.
[ e.g. 9948]                       

Glossary
                    [ e.g. cephalopods]