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Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Clupeiformes (Herrings) > Engraulidae (Anchovies) > Engraulinae
Etymology: Encrasicholina: Greek, egkrasicholos, -os, -on = mixed with spleen.

Environment / Climate / Range Ecology

Marine; brackish; reef-associated; depth range 1 - 13 m (Ref. 86942). Tropical, preferred ?; 32°N - 28°S, 43°E - 173°W (Ref. 189)

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Indo-Pacific: widespread in the northern part of the Indian Ocean (Gulf of Aden, but apparently not the Red Sea nor Kenya, the Persian Gulf, India, Andaman Islands) and Western Central Pacific (Indonesia, Thailand, north to at least Taiwan Island, south to northern Australia; also eastward to Fiji and Tonga).

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ?, range 4 - ? cm
Max length : 8.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 189); common length : 7.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 30573)

Short description Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 15 - 17. Belly rounded with 5 or 6 (rarely 3 or 4) sharp needle-like pre-pelvic scutes. Maxilla tip pointed, projecting beyond second supra-maxilla and reaching to sub-operculum. Isthmus short, preceded by a small bony plate on urohyal between branchial membrane. Unbranched dorsal and anal fin rays. In life, a bright silver band on flank, with a thin blue line above; back blue or grey.

Schooling species. Coastal pelagic (Ref. 68964). Occurs in estuarine and inshore waters. Probably feeds mainly on planktonic crustaceans. Breeds throughout the year, with peaks in New Ireland waters during May to June or July and possibly also in September to November. Eggs are oval, without a knob at one end.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

Not Evaluated

CITES (Ref. 94142)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: minor commercial; bait: usually

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Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805): PD₅₀ = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00513 (0.00429 - 0.00613), b=3.15 (3.10 - 3.20), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278): 3.3 ±0.1 se; Based on diet studies.

Resilience (Ref. 69278): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=2.00-5.04; tm=0.29; tmax=1.7).

Prior r = 6.46, 2 SD range = 2.68 - 15.60, log(r) = 1.87, SD log(r) = 0.44, Based on: 2 M, 7 K, 1 tgen, records

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100) .

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Encrasicholina devisi (Whitley, 1940)