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Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Ophidiiformes (Cusk eels) > Bythitidae (Viviparous brotulas) > Bythitinae
Etymology: Grammonus: Greek, gramma = signal, mark + Greek, onos = hake.

Environment / Climate / Range Ecology

Marine; reef-associated; depth range 6 - 18 m (Ref. 36488). Subtropical, preferred ?

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Eastern Pacific: San Clemente Island in south California, USA to Panama and the Galapagos Islands.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 20.3 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4930)

Short description Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 95-115; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 75 - 91; Vertebrae: 60 - 63. Branchiostegal rays: 8 (Ref. 36488).

Uncommon species (Ref. 34024). Inhabits rocky areas of shallow waters (Ref. 2850). Hides in dark caverns and crevices during the day, active at night (Ref. 2850). Gives birth to live young (Ref. 28023).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Ovoviviparous (Ref. 36488).

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Nielsen, J.G., D.M. Cohen, D.F. Markle and C.R. Robins, 1999. Ophidiiform fishes of the world (Order Ophidiiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of pearlfishes, cusk-eels, brotulas and other ophidiiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(18):178p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 34024)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

Least Concern (LC)

CITES (Ref. 94142)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: of no interest

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Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805): PD₅₀ = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00180 - 0.00842), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm Total Length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278): 3.5 ±0.50 se; Based on food items.

Resilience (Ref. 69278): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100) .

Entered by Froese, Rainer

Modified by Luna, Susan M.

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