Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) > Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks) > Carcharhinidae (Requiem sharks)
Etymology: Scoliodon: Greek, skolex = worm + Greek, odous = teeth (Ref. 45335). More on author: Müller, Henle.

Environment / Climate / Range Ecology

Marine; brackish; demersal; amphidromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 10 - 13 m. Tropical; 26°C - 29°C (Ref. 4959), preferred ?; 34°N - 26°S, 32°E - 130°E

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf (Ref. 68964), Somalia (Ref. 30573), Tanzania, Mozambique (Ref. 5213), Pakistan to Java in Indonesia; then Japan, China, and Taiwan. Reported from Australia (Ref. 4959).

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ?, range 33 - 35 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5450); max. reported age: 6 years (Ref. 244)

Short description Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 0; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 0. Bronze grey above, white below, fins sometimes darker than body; no conspicuous markings (Ref. 9997).

Found on rocky substrates of coastal waters and lower reaches of tropical rivers (Ref. 244). It is uncertain, however, if this species can live in perfectly fresh water for extended periods (Ref. 244). Forms large schools (Ref. 244). Feeds on small bony fishes, shrimps and cuttlefish (Ref. 244). Viviparous (Ref. 50449). Common by-catch of the inshore demersal gillnet fisheries, particularly those operating off Kalimantan (Ref.58048). Utilized fresh for human consumption; processed into fishmeal and used as bait for other sharks and bony fishes (Ref. 244). Maximum sizes up to 120 cm unconfirmed (Ref. 244).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Viviparous, with an unusual columnar placenta (Ref. 244). Maternal and foetal placenta comprises the entire placenta (Ref. 39556). Transplacental nutrient transfer may be hemotrophic (Ref. 39556). Litter size varies from 1 (Ref.58048) to 14 (Ref. 9997). Size at birth about 13 to 15 cm TL (Ref. 9997). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator : Compagno, Leonard J.V. | Collaborators

Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

Near Threatened (NT)

CITES (Ref. 94142)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless (Ref. 244)

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial; bait: usually

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Estimates of some properties based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805): PD₅₀ = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00407 (0.00211 - 0.00787), b=3.07 (2.91 - 3.23), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Trophic Level (Ref. 69278): 3.8 ±0.4 se; Based on diet studies.

Resilience (Ref. 69278): Very Low, minimum population doubling time more than 14 years (K=0.88; tm=2; tmax=6; Fec=1).

Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100) .

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Scoliodon laticaudus Müller & Henle, 1838