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Perciformes (Perch-likes) >
Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Scomber: Greek, skombros = tunny or mackerel, 1623 (Ref. 45335). More on author: Linnaeus.
Môi trường / Khí hậu / Phạm vi
Sinh thái học
; Biển; Thuộc về nước lợ; Ở đại duơng, biển (Ref. 51243); Mức độ sâu 0 - 1000 m (Ref. 54254), usually 0 - 200 m (Ref. 54254). Temperate, preferred 10°C (Ref. 107945); 70°N - 25°N, 77°W - 42°E
North Atlantic: including the Mediterranean.
Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Maturity: Lm 28.7, range 34 - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm FL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 35388); common length : 30.0 cm FL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 168); Khối lượng cực đại được công bố: 3.4 kg (Ref. 9988); Tuổi cực đại được báo cáo: 17 các năm (Ref. 207)
Các tia vây lưng cứng (tổng cộng): 8 - 14; Các vây lưng mềm (tổng cộng): 113; Tia cứng vây hậu môn 1; Tia mềm vây hậu môn: 12 - 13; Động vật có xương sống: 31. This species has the following characters: no well developed corselet; interpelvic process small and single; anal fin spine conspicuous, joined to the fin by a membrane but clearly independent of it; anal fin origin opposite that of second dorsal fin; no swim bladder; first haemal spine anterior to first interneural process; 21-28 interneural bones under first dorsal fin; markings on back oblique to near vertical, with relatively little undulating; belly unmarked (Ref. 168).
Abundant in cold and temperate shelf areas, forms large schools near the surface. They overwinter in deeper waters but move closer to shore in spring when water temperatures range between 11° and 14°C. Mainly diurnal, it feeds on zooplankton and small fish. Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 6769). Batch spawner (Ref. 51846). The species is traded fresh, frozen, smoked and canned. Eaten fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988). Two stocks in north-east Atlantic: North Sea (east) and British Isles (west). North Sea stock decreased dramatically in the 1960's because of direct overfishing. Recruitment has been poor and unstable. After spawning, the adult feed very actively moving around in small shoals (Ref. 35388).
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
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Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00603 (0.00540 - 0.00673), b=3.07 (3.04 - 3.10), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.2 se; Based on diet studies.
Thích nghi nhanh (Ref.
69278): Trung bình, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là 1.4 - 4.4 năm (rm=0.33-0.56; K=0.23-0.27; tm=2-3; tmax=17; Fec=200,000).
Prior r = 0.48, 2 SD range = 0.23 - 1.00, log(r) = -0.73, SD log(r) = 0.37, Based on: 1 M, 16 K, 13 tgen, 1 tmax, 25 Fec records
Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100) .
