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Perciformes (Perch-likes) >
Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Thunnus: Greek, thynnos = tunna (Ref. 45335).
Môi trường / Khí hậu / Phạm vi
Sinh thái học
; Biển; Ở đại duơng, biển (Ref. 51243); Mức độ sâu 0 - 250 m (Ref. 168), usually 0 - 50 m (Ref. 89423). Subtropical; 13°C - 29°C (Ref. 168), preferred 27°C (Ref. 107945); 45°N - 43°S, 180°W - 180°E
Atlantic, Indian and Pacific: in tropical and subtropical waters. Absent in the Mediterranean. Highly migratory species, Annex I of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea (Ref. 26139).
Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Maturity: Lm ?, range 100 - 125 cm
Max length : 250 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 27000); common length : 180 cm FL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 168); Khối lượng cực đại được công bố: 210.0 kg (Ref. 9987); Tuổi cực đại được báo cáo: 11 các năm (Ref. 30326)
Các tia vây lưng cứng (tổng cộng): 13 - 14; Các vây lưng mềm (tổng cộng): 14-15; Tia cứng vây hậu môn 0; Tia mềm vây hậu môn: 14; Động vật có xương sống: 39. A large species, deepest near the middle of the first dorsal fin base. Lower sides and belly whitish; a lateral iridescent blue band runs along the sides in live specimens. The first dorsal fin is deep yellow, the second dorsal and anal fins are light yellow, the finlets are bright yellow edged with black.
Occur in areas where water temperatures range from 13°-29°C, but the optimum is between 17° and 22°C. Variation in occurrence is closely related to seasonal and climatic changes in surface temperature and thermocline. Juveniles and small adults school at the surface in mono-species groups or mixed with other tunas, may be associated with floating objects. Adults stay in deeper waters (Ref. 5377). Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 6390). Feed on a wide variety of fishes, cephalopods and crustaceans during the day and at night (Ref. 9340). Meat is highly prized and processed into sashimi in Japan. Marketed mainly canned or frozen (Ref. 9684), but also sold fresh (Ref. 9340).
Are multiple spawners that may spawn every 1 or 2 days over several months (Ref. 30330). They spawn over periods of the full moon (Ref. 6390). Spawn throughout the year in tropical waters (Ref. 6390).
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
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Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01259 (0.00984 - 0.01610), b=3.03 (2.99 - 3.07), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.0 se; Based on diet studies.
Thích nghi nhanh (Ref.
69278): Trung bình, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là 1.4 - 4.4 năm (K=0.11-0.23; tm=3; tmax=11; Fec=2 million).
Prior r = 0.53, 2 SD range = 0.3 - 0.94, log(r) = -0.63, SD log(r) = 0.29, Based on: 1 M, 11 K, 2 tgen, 1 tmax, 4 Fec records
Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (56 of 100) .
