Lingkungan / Klimat / Range
Ekologi
; laut; payau; kisaran kedalaman 0 - 25 m (Ref. 26999). Tropical, preferred 27°C (Ref. 107945); 17°N - 7°S, 17°W - 14°E (Ref. 54448)
Africa: West African coasts and estuarine areas from Senegal to Angola (Ref. 188, 81270).
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm 13.0, range 13 - 18 cm
Max length : 30.0 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 27000); common length : 16.0 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 188)
Duri dubur 0; Sirip dubur lunak: 45 - 50. Diagnosis: Body moderately deep, compressed, belly with 25 to 27 + 7 or 8 sharp scutes (Ref. 188, 81270). Dorsal fin at or before midpoint of body; pelvic fins small; anal fin long, with more than 40 finrays, its origin below dorsal fin base (Ref. 188). Swimbladder with two short tubes passing back in the muscles on either side of haemal spines (Ref. 188). Other clupeoid fishes in the area are more slender, have a much shorter anal fin and the lower jaw is not strongly projecting (Ref. 188).
Found in the marine environment, pelagic, along beaches and just offshore, down to about 25m; also in lagoons and estuaries, penetrating into almost freshwater (Ref. 188). It feeds on small planktonic animals, like crustaceans (Ref. 188).
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeioidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 115185)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
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Perikanan: komersial
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